Polymorphic forms of (r)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1h-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)-n-(isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide

ABSTRACT

The present invention provides novel polymorphs of (R)-4-(1-(3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)-N-(isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide (I-491) that are useful for the treatment of cardiac disorders including systolic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), heart failure with reserved ejection fraction (HFrEF), and conditions associated with left and/or right ventricular systolic dysfunction or systolic reserve. The synthesis and characterization of the polymorphs is described, as well as methods for treating systolic dysfunction, DCM, HFrEF, and other forms of heart disease.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. provisional application No.62/874,855, filed Jul. 16, 2019, the entire contents of which are herebyincorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic affecting about 26 millionpeople worldwide. It is the most rapidly growing cardiovascularcondition globally, with substantial morbidity, mortality, and costburden to healthcare systems (Ponikowski et al., ESC Heart Fail. (2014)1(1):4-25; Savarese and Lund, Card Fail Rev. (2017) 3(1):7-11). HF isthe most common cause of hospitalization in patients older than 65 years(Ponikowski, supra; Savarese and Lund, supra; and Shah et al., J Am CollCardiol. (2017) 70(20):2476-86). The five-year mortality rate after HFhospitalization is about 42%, comparable to many cancers (Benjamin etal., Circulation (2019) 139:e56-e528).

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome in which a patient's heart isunable to provide an adequate supply of blood flow to the body to meetthe body's metabolic needs. For some people with heart failure, theheart has difficulty pumping enough blood to support other organs in thebody. For others, they may have a hardening and stiffening of the heartmuscle itself, which blocks or reduces blood flow to the heart. Thosetwo conditions result in inadequate blood circulation to the body andcongestion of the lungs. Heart failure can affect the right or left sideof the heart, or both sides at the same time. It can be either an acute(short-term) or chronic (ongoing) condition. Heart failure can bereferred to as congestive heart failure when fluid builds up in variousparts of the body. Symptoms of heart failure include, but are notlimited to, excessive fatigue, sudden weight gain, a loss of appetite,persistent coughing, irregular pulse, chest discomfort, angina, heartpalpitations, edema (e.g., swelling of the lungs, arms, legs, ankles,face, hands, or abdomen), shortness of breath (dyspnea), protruding neckveins, and decreased exercise tolerance or capacity.

The volume of blood pumped by the heart is generally determined by: (a)the contraction of the heart muscle (i.e., how well the heart squeezesor its systolic function) and (b) the filling of the heart chambers(i.e., how well the heart relaxes and fills with blood or its diastolicfunction). Ejection fraction is used to assess the pump function of theheart; it represents the percentage of blood pumped from the leftventricle (the main pumping chamber) per beat. A normal or preservedejection fraction is great than or equal to 50 percent. If the systolicfunction of the heart is impaired such that the heart demonstratessubstantial reduction in ejection fraction, this condition is known asheart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). HFrEF with anejection fraction of <40% is classical HFrEF, while HFrEF with anejection fraction of 41-49% is classified as heart failure withmid-range ejection fraction (HFmrEF), under the 2013 American College ofCardiology Foundation/American Heart Association guidelines (Yancy etal., Circulation (2013) 128:e240-327) and the 2019 ACC Expert ConsensusDecision Pathway on Risk Assessment, Management, and Clinical Trajectoryof Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure (Hollenberg et al., J AmColl Cardiol (2019) 74:1966-2011). There are many causes for a weakheart muscle (low ejection fraction), including ischemia/infarction,hypertension, heart valve defects, gene mutations, infection, andtoxin/drug exposure.

Diastolic dysfunction may contribute to morbidity in HFrEF patients. Ifthe heart pumps normally but is too stiff to fill properly, thiscondition is known as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction(HFpEF). Historically, HFpEF was termed diastolic heart failure;however, recent investigations suggest a more complex and heterogeneouspathophysiology. HFpEF patients exhibit subtle or mild abnormalities insystolic performance, which become more dramatic during exercise.Ventricular diastolic and systolic reserve abnormalities, chronotropicincompetence, stiffening of ventricular tissue, atrial dysfunction,pulmonary hypertension, impaired vasodilation, and endothelialdysfunction are all implicated. Frequently, these abnormalities arenoted only when the circulatory system is stressed.

In the United States alone, there are about 2.6 million HFrEF patients,corresponding to about 40% of the U.S. HF population (Bloom et al., NatRev Dis Primers. (2017) 3:17058). HFrEF may develop from an ischemicorigin (primarily attributed to coronary artery disease) or anon-ischemic origin (attributed to a disease of the myocardium fromnon-coronary causes). Coronary artery disease (coronary heart disease)is a disease in which there is a narrowing of the passageway of thecoronary arteries, and when severe, the narrowing causes inadequateblood supply to the heart muscle and may lead to the death of heartmuscle cells (infarction). Non-ischemic HFrEF is sometimes referred toas dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Despite the nomenclature, dilated(enlarged) heart chambers can be found in both non-ischemic and ischemicHFrEF patients. Hereafter, DCM refers to non-ischemic HFrEF. DCM can beassigned a clinical diagnosis of genetic DCM or “idiopathic” DCM if noidentifiable cause can be found. Mutations in over 30 genes, includingsarcomere genes, perturb a diverse set of myocardial proteins to cause aDCM phenotype. Some of the genetic links to DCM are discussed inHershberger, et al., Nature Reviews (2013) 10(9):531-47 and Rosenbaum etal., Nat Rev Cardiol. (2020) 17(5):286-97.

Contemporary medical therapy for HFrEF centers on counteracting theeffects of neurohormonal activation with modulators of therenin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, (3-adrenergic blockers, diuretics,and modulators of the vasoactive peptide BNP (brain natriureticpeptide). Although these drugs attenuate some of the maladaptiveconsequences and improve clinical outcomes, none addresses theunderlying causal pathways of myocardial dysfunction.

Several inotropic agents are used in clinical practice to augmentcardiac contractility by increasing intracellular calcium or cyclicadenosine monophosphate, mechanisms that increase myocardial oxygendemand. Their use is limited to short-term or destination therapy inpatients with refractory or end-stage heart failure for the purpose ofsymptom relief, as chronic studies with these drugs have demonstratedincreased mortality due to arrhythmias and ischemia. However, thesedrugs do improve hemodynamics and symptoms, suggesting a potentialclinical benefit for agents that increase contractility withoutarrhythmic or ischemic liabilities.

There are currently no approved therapies for treating heart failure bytargeting the contractile apparatus directly. There remains an urgentneed for new safe, effective treatments for systolic heart failure.

Non-ischemic HFrEF is sometimes referred to as dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM). Despite the nomenclature, dilated (enlarged) heart chambers canbe found in both non-ischemic and ischemic HFrEF patients. Dilatedcardiomyopathy (DCM) comprises a group of myocardial disorders that leadto left ventricular dilatation and systolic dysfunction (abnormality ofcontraction). DCM can be subdivided into ischemic (attributed due tocoronary artery disease) or non-ischemic (primary diseases of themyocardium). Hereafter, DCM refers to non-ischemic HFrEF. DCM can beassigned a clinical diagnosis of “idiopathic” DCM if no identifiablecause (except genetic) can be found. Idiopathic DCM can be furthersubcategorized based upon whether a genetic cause can be identified.Mutations in over 30 genes, including sarcomere genes, perturb a diverseset of myocardial proteins to cause a DCM phenotype. Some of the geneticlinks to DCM are discussed in Hershberger, et al., Nature Reviews (2013)10(9):531-47. Epidemiologic data indicate that approximately 1 in 2,500individuals in the general population have idiopathic DCM.

Sarcomere gene mutations that cause DCM are highly penetrant, but thereis wide variability in clinical severity and clinical course. Somegenotypes are associated with a more malignant course, but there isconsiderable variability between and even within families carrying thesame mutation. While many patients with DCM report minimal or nosymptoms for extended periods of time, DCM is a progressive disease witha significant cumulative burden of morbidity and mortality. The hallmarkof DCM is a dilated left ventricle, more spherical in shape than usual,and with decreased systolic function. Patients usually present withsymptoms of heart failure: dyspnea, orthopnea, exercise intolerance,fatigue, abdominal discomfort and poor appetite. Signs include sinustachycardia, a gallop rhythm, murmur of mitral regurgitation, rales,jugular venous distension, hepatomegaly, peripheral edema and coolextremities can be found. As with many other disorders, symptoms tend toworsen with age. The patient journey is punctuated by hospitalizationsfor decompensated heart failure and an increased risk for suddenarrhythmic death and death from pump failure.

Diagnosis is dependent upon patient history and physical examination.Plasma biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) or itsN-terminal pro-protein (NT-proBNP) can help with diagnosis andmanagement of DCM, especially to distinguish heart failure from comorbidpulmonary disease. Coronary angiography can identify if heart failure isdue to ischemic etiology. Endomyocardial biopsy can distinguish DCM fromdisease processes that might require alternative management strategy,such as myocarditis, storage disease, sarcoidosis or hemochromatosis.

Medical therapy remains the mainstay in patients with DCM and heartfailure. Beta-blocker, ACE inhibitor or ARB, mineralcorticoid receptorblocker, and loop diuretics continue to be standard options for thetreatment of heart failure symptoms and reduction of risk forcardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization. Implantablecardioverter defibrillators (ICD) for patients with left ventricularejection fraction of less than 30% can reduce sudden arrhythmic death.Additionally, cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown toimprove heart failure-free survival in select patients. Despite theseinterventions, morbidity and mortality for heart failure remain high,and hospitalization for heart failure remains the most common reason forhospitalization in the elderly. The present disclosure providestherapeutic agents and methods to make such that remedy the unmet needfor improved treatment of systolic dysfunction, DCM, HFrEF, and relatedcardiac disorders.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect, the invention provides polymorphs of(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)-N-(isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide(I-491). Four polymorphs including Forms A, B, C and D are detailedherein.

In another aspect, the invention provides compositions andpharmaceutical compositions containing a polymorph of I-491, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein, and apharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

The disclosure also provides methods for treating systolic dysfunction.In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating dilatedcardiomyopathy. In certain aspects of the disclosure, the inventionprovides methods of treating HFrEF. These methods include administeringto a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a compound orpharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as described herein.

The details of certain aspects of the invention are set forth in theDetailed Description, as described below. Other features, objects, andadvantages of the invention will be apparent from the Definitions,Examples, Figures, and Claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A shows a high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffractionpattern of Form A recorded at room temperature (ESRF, λ=1.000 Å).

FIG. 1B shows a X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Form A recorded atroom temperature.

FIG. 2 shows a DSC thermogram and a TGA thermogram of Form A.

FIG. 3 shows an Ortep representation of the molecular structure of FormA with atoms labels and thermal ellipsoids at 30% probability anddisordered regions indicated with dotted lines.

FIG. 4 shows a representation of the molecular packing of Form A downthe short axis, showing the disorder scheme (dotted lines).

FIG. 5 shows a simulated powder diffraction pattern from the crystalstructure of Form A at copper wavelength.

FIG. 6A shows a high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffractionpattern of Form B recorded at room temperature (ESRF, λ=0.800 Å).

FIG. 6B shows a X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Form B recorded atroom temperature.

FIG. 7 shows a DSC thermogram and a TGA thermogram of Form B.

FIG. 8 shows Ortep representation of the molecular structure of Form Bwith atoms labels and thermal ellipsoids at 30% probability. There arefour independent molecules with disordered regions indicated by dottedlines.

FIG. 9 shows a representation of the crystal structure of Form B viewingthe molecular packing down the (011) plane with disorder showed bydotted lines.

FIG. 10 shows a simulated powder diffraction pattern from the crystalstructure of Form B at copper wavelength. Only one theoreticalreflection is present in the 9° to 10° angular region, whereas 3 areeffectively present in the 7° to 8° angular region.

FIG. 11 shows a DSC thermogram and a TGA thermogram of Form C.

FIG. 12A shows an Ortep representation of the molecular structure ofForm C with atoms labels and thermal ellipsoids at 50% probability anddisordered regions indicated with dotted lines.

FIG. 12B shows the crystal structure of monoclinic Form C representingthe molecular packing down the short axis with disordered regionsindicated with dotted lines.

FIG. 13A shows a simulated powder diffraction pattern from the crystalstructure of Form C at copper wavelength.

FIG. 13B shows a X-ray powder diffraction pattern of Form C recorded atroom temperature.

FIG. 14 shows an Ortep representation of the molecular structure of FormD with atoms labels and thermal ellipsoids at 50% probability and withdisordered regions indicated by dotted lines.

FIG. 15 shows a crystal structure of triclinic Form D representing themolecular packing down the short axis with disordered regions indicatedby dotted lines.

FIG. 16 shows a simulated powder diffraction pattern from the crystalstructure of Form D at copper wavelength.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

A crystalline polymorph form of a particular drug is often an importantdeterminant of the drug's ease of preparation, stability, solubility,storage stability, ease of formulation, and in vivo pharmacology.Polymorphic forms occur where the same composition of mattercrystallizes in a different lattice arrangement resulting in differentthermodynamic properties and thermodynamic stabilities specific to aparticular polymorph form. In cases where two or more polymorphsubstances can be produced, it is desirable to prepare each of thepolymorphs in pure form and determine the properties of each polymorph.Based on the desired features, properties, and stabilities, a preferredpolymorph may be selected. In certain aspects, ease of preparation orstability may be deemed to be especially important, such that the moststable polymorph may be preferred in certain instances, while in otherinstances, the polymorph which is easiest to prepare (e.g., leastdangerous, least expensive, highest yielding) may be considered to bepreferred. In other situations, a different polymorph may be preferredfor greater solubility and/or superior pharmacokinetics. Becauseimproved drug formulations, with better bioavailability or betterstability for example, are consistently sought, there is an ongoing needfor new or purer polymorphic forms of existing drug molecules. Thevarious crystalline polymorphs of I-491:

described herein, help meet these and other needs.

A series of polymorphs of(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)-N-(isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide(I-491) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof has been found toincrease contractility by enhancing phosphate release from myosinwithout prolonging systole or shortening diastole. As such, thecompounds can improve systolic function in patients with DCM or HFrEF,helping them to overcome the debilitating exertional dyspnea and fatiguethat often accompanies the disease. The compounds can also be used totreat other cardiac disorders characterized by diminished cardiacoutput.

Form B was identified as the most stable polymorph (compared to Form A,Form C, and Form D) and as such, was selected as the lead polymorph fordevelopment. The more stable a polymorph is, the less likely it is tochange to another form over time on the shelf, whether it be an activepharmaceutical ingredient alone or in a formulated drug product. Changesin polymorphic form upon storage or during processing can lead tochanges in solubility, dissolution rate, or bioavailability; therefore,it is important to identify a stable polymorph to use as the drugcandidate early in development.

Definitions

The term “about” as used herein is used to describe a range (e.g., oftemperatures, of mass, of weight) and is given its ordinary meaning inthe art, typically referring to the error associated with an instrumentto collect a measurement or reading. In general, the term “about” whenreferring to temperature provides a deviation of ±0-2° C.

As used herein, the term “salt” refers to an acid or base salt of acompound of the invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts can bederived, for example, from mineral acids (hydrochloric acid, hydrobromicacid, phosphoric acid, and the like), organic acids (acetic acid,propionic acid, glutamic acid, citric acid and the like), and quaternaryammonium ions. It is understood that the pharmaceutically acceptablesalts are non-toxic. Additional information on suitable pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts can be found in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,17th ed., Mack Publishing Company, Easton, Pa., 1985, which isincorporated herein by reference.

The neutral form of a compound may be regenerated by contacting the saltwith a base or acid and isolating the parent compound in theconventional manner. The parent form of the compound differs from thevarious salt forms in certain physical properties, such as solubility inpolar solvents.

The term “room temperature” refers to a temperature within the range of19-26° C.

The term “solvate” refers to forms of the compound that are associatedwith a solvent, usually by a solvolysis reaction. This physicalassociation may include hydrogen bonding. Conventional solvents includewater, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO),tetrahydrofuran (THF), diethyl ether, and the like. The compoundsdescribed herein may be prepared, e.g., in crystalline form, and may besolvated. Suitable solvates include pharmaceutically acceptable solvatesand further include both stoichiometric solvates and non-stoichiometricsolvates. In certain instances, the solvate will be capable ofisolation, for example, when one or more solvent molecules areincorporated in the crystal lattice of a crystalline solid. “Solvate”encompasses both solution-phase and isolatable solvates. Representativesolvates include hydrates, ethanolates, and methanolates. In certainaspects, a solvate is a distinct polymorph. In some aspects, a solvateis not a distinct polymorph, i.e., a defined polymorph with a distinctcrystal structure may contain residual solvent molecules.

The term “amorphous” or “amorphous form” refers to a form of a solid(“solid form”), the form substantially lacking three-dimensional order.In certain embodiments, an amorphous form of a solid is a solid formthat is substantially not crystalline. In certain embodiments, the X-raypowder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of an amorphous form includes a widescattering band with a peak at 20 of, e.g., between 20 and 70°,inclusive, using CuKα radiation. In certain embodiments, the XRPDpattern of an amorphous form further includes one or more peaksattributed to crystalline structures. In certain embodiments, themaximum intensity of any one of the one or more peaks attributed tocrystalline structures observed at a 20 of between 20 and 70°,inclusive, is not more than 300-fold, not more than 100-fold, not morethan 30-fold, not more than 10-fold, or not more than 3-fold of themaximum intensity of the wide scattering band. In certain embodiments,the XRPD pattern of an amorphous form includes no peaks attributed tocrystalline structures.

The term “polymorph” or “polymorphic form” refers to a crystalline formof a compound (or a salt, hydrate, or solvate thereof) in a particularcrystal packing arrangement. All polymorphs have the same elementalcomposition. Different crystalline forms usually have different X-raydiffraction patterns, melting points, density, hardness, crystal shape,optical and electrical properties, stability, and solubility.Recrystallization solvent, rate of crystallization, storage temperature,and other factors may cause one crystal form to dominate. Variouspolymorphs of a compound can be prepared by crystallization underdifferent conditions.

The term “crystalline” refers to a solid phase in which the material hasa regular ordered internal structure at the molecular level and gives adistinctive X-ray diffraction pattern with defined peaks. Such materialswhen heated sufficiently will also exhibit the properties of a liquid,but the change from solid to liquid is characterized by a phase change,typically first order (melting point). The term “crystalline” or“crystalline form” refers to a solid form substantially exhibitingthree-dimensional order. In certain embodiments, a crystalline form of asolid is a solid form that is substantially not amorphous. In certainembodiments, the X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern of acrystalline form includes one or more sharply defined peaks.

The compound of the present invention possesses an asymmetric carbonatom (optical center) and double bonds; the racemates, diastereomers,geometric isomers, regioisomers and individual isomers (e.g., separateenantiomers) are all intended to be encompassed within the scope of thepresent invention. The stereochemical depiction shown for the compoundof the present invention is meant to refer the compound in which one ofthe isomers is present and substantially free of the other isomer.“Substantially free of” another isomer indicates at least a 70/30 ratioof the two isomers at the stereochemical center shown, more preferably80/20, 90/10, or 95/5 or more. In some embodiments, one of the isomerswill be present in an amount of at least 99%.

When a polymorphic form is described, it is meant to refer theidentified polymorph as described herein, which is substantially free ofany other polymorph. “Substantially free of” another polymorph indicatesat least a 70/30 molar ratio of the two polymorphs, more preferably80/20, 90/10, 95/5, 99/1 or more. In some embodiments, one of thepolymorph will be present in an amount of at least 99%.

The compounds of the present invention may also contain unnaturalproportions of atomic isotopes at one or more of the atoms thatconstitute such compounds. Unnatural proportions of an isotope may bedefined as ranging from the amount found in nature to an amountconsisting of 100% of the atom in question. For example, the compoundsmay incorporate radioactive isotopes, such as tritium (³H), iodine-125(¹²⁵I) or carbon-14 (¹⁴C), or non-radioactive isotopes, such asdeuterium (²H) or carbon-13 (¹³C). Such isotopic variations can provideadditional utilities to those described elsewhere within thisapplication. For instance, isotopic variants of the compounds of theinvention may find additional utility, including but not limited to, asdiagnostic and/or imaging reagents, or as cytotoxic/radiotoxictherapeutic agents. Additionally, isotopic variants of the compounds ofthe invention can have altered pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamiccharacteristics, which can contribute to enhanced safety, tolerabilityor efficacy during treatment. All isotopic variations of the compoundsof the present invention, whether radioactive or not, are intended to beencompassed within the scope of the present invention. When specificallyreferred to, such as, C₁-C₄ deuteroalkyl—the term refers to an alkylgroup with the indicated number of carbon atoms and having hydrogenatoms replaced by deuterium in a number of from one to a per-deuteroform, wherein the deuterium replacement is greater than the naturalabundance of deuterium—typically 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95% or moredeuterium replacement. Examples of C₁-C₄ deuteroalkyl are —CD₃, —CH₂CD₃,—CD₂CD₃, —CH₂CH₂CH₂D, and the like.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to asubstance that is compatible with a compound of the invention, as wellas with any other ingredients with which the compound is formulated.Furthermore, a pharmaceutically acceptable substance is not deleteriousto the recipient of the substance. The term “pharmaceutically acceptablesalt” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medicaljudgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans andlower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response, andthe like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.Pharmaceutically acceptable salts are well known in the art. Forexample, Berge et al., describe pharmaceutically acceptable salts indetail in J. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1977, 66, 1-19, incorporatedherein by reference.

Pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds described hereininclude those derived from suitable inorganic and organic acids andbases. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable, nontoxic acid additionsalts are salts of an amino group formed with inorganic acids such ashydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, andperchloric acid or with organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid,maleic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, succinic acid, or malonic acidor by using other methods known in the art such as ion exchange. Otherpharmaceutically acceptable salts include adipate, alginate, ascorbate,aspartate, benzenesulfonate, benzoate, bisulfate, borate, butyrate,camphorate, camphorsulfonate, citrate, cyclopentanepropionate,digluconate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, formate, fumarate,glucoheptonate, glycerophosphate, gluconate, hemisulfate, heptanoate,hexanoate, hydroiodide, 2-hydroxy-ethanesulfonate, lactobionate,lactate, laurate, lauryl sulfate, malate, maleate, malonate,methanesulfonate, 2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oleate,oxalate, palmitate, pamoate, pectinate, persulfate, 3-phenylpropionate,phosphate, picrate, pivalate, propionate, stearate, succinate, sulfate,tartrate, thiocyanate, p-toluenesulfonate, undecanoate, valerate salts,and the like. Salts derived from appropriate bases include alkali metal,alkaline earth metal, ammonium and N⁺(C₁₋₄ alkyl)₄ ⁻ salts.Representative alkali or alkaline earth metal salts include sodium,lithium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and the like. Furtherpharmaceutically acceptable salts include, when appropriate, nontoxicammonium, quaternary ammonium, and amine cations formed usingcounterions such as halide, hydroxide, carboxylate, sulfate, phosphate,nitrate, lower alkyl sulfonate, and aryl sulfonate.

As used herein, the term “pharmaceutical composition” refers to aproduct comprising a compound of the invention, an excipient as definedherein, and other optional ingredients in specified amounts, as well asany product which results directly or indirectly from combination of thespecified ingredients in the specified amounts.

As used herein, the term “excipient” refers to a substance that aids theadministration of an active agent to a subject. Pharmaceuticalexcipients useful in the present invention include, but are not limitedto, binders, fillers, disintegrants, lubricants, coatings, sweeteners,flavors and colors. One of skill in the art will recognize that otherexcipients can be useful in the present invention.

In some embodiments, treatment may be administered after one or moresigns or symptoms of the disease have developed or have been observed.As used herein, the terms “treat,” “treating” and “treatment” refer toany indicia of success in the treatment or amelioration of a pathology,injury, condition, or symptom related to systolic dysfunction, DCM,HFrEF, or other cardiac disorders, including any objective or subjectiveparameter such as abatement; remission; diminishing of symptoms; makingthe pathology, injury, condition, or symptom more tolerable to thepatient; decreasing the frequency or duration of the pathology, injury,condition, or symptom; or, in some situations, preventing the onset ofthe pathology, injury, condition, or symptom. Treatment or ameliorationcan be based on any objective or subjective parameter; including, e.g.,the result of a physical examination.

A “subject” to which administration is contemplated refers to a human(i.e., male or female of any age group, e.g., pediatric subject (e.g.,infant, child, or adolescent) or adult subject (e.g., young adult,middle-aged adult, or senior adult)) or non-human animal. A “patient”refers to a human subject in need of treatment of a disease.

The terms “administer,” “administering,” or “administration” refers toimplanting, absorbing, ingesting, injecting, inhaling, or otherwiseintroducing a polymorphic form of I-491 described herein, or acomposition thereof, in or on a subject.

The terms “condition,” “disease,” and “disorder” are usedinterchangeably.

An “effective amount” of a polymorphic form described herein refers toan amount sufficient to elicit the desired biological response, i.e.,treating the condition. As will be appreciated by those of ordinaryskill in this art, the effective amount of a polymorphic form of I-491described herein may vary depending on such factors as the desiredbiological endpoint, the pharmacokinetics of the polymorphic form, thecondition being treated, the mode of administration, and the age andhealth of the subject. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is atherapeutically effective amount. In certain embodiments, an effectiveamount is the amount of a polymorphic form of I-491 described herein ina single dose. In certain embodiments, an effective amount is thecombined amounts of a polymorphic form of I-491 described herein inmultiple doses.

A “therapeutically effective amount” of a polymorphic form of I-491described herein is an amount sufficient to provide a therapeuticbenefit in the treatment of a condition or to delay or minimize one ormore symptoms associated with the condition. A therapeutically effectiveamount of a polymorphic form means an amount of therapeutic agent, aloneor in combination with other therapies, which provides a therapeuticbenefit in the treatment of the condition. The term “therapeuticallyeffective amount” can encompass an amount that improves overall therapy,reduces or avoids symptoms, signs, or causes of the condition, and/orenhances the therapeutic efficacy of another therapeutic agent.

Compounds

In one aspect, provided herein are polymorphs of I-491:

Polymorphic forms of I-491 including Form A, Form B, Form C, Form D aredetailed herein.

The polymorphs of I-491 can be prepared by methods as generally outlinedin the Examples. One skilled in the art will appreciate that thecompounds and polymorphs thereof of the invention can be prepared usingother synthetic methods as substitutes for transformations provided inthe Examples.

Form A

In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides a polymorph of I-491characterized as Form A. In general, Form A has a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having at least 3peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 10.98, 15.78,16.08, 20.44, 23.78, and 26.58 degrees. In some aspects, Form A ischaracterized by at least one of: (a) a X-ray powder diffraction patternobtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having two or more peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from 6.62, 10.98, 13.26, 14.48, 15.02,15.48, 15.78, 16.08, 16.32, 17.72, 19.26, 19.86, 19.94, 20.44, 21.68,21.90, 22.04, 22.60, 23.78, 26.16, 26.36, 26.58, 27.24, and 28.04degrees; or (b) a DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 181-200°C.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having each ofthe peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from 6.62,10.98, 13.26, 14.48, 15.02, 15.48, 15.78, 16.08, 16.32, 17.72, 19.26,19.86, 19.94, 20.44, 21.68, 21.90, 22.04, 22.60, 23.78, 26.16, 26.36,26.58, 27.24, and 28.04 degrees. In some aspects, Form A ischaracterized by 4 or more peaks, 8 or more peaks, 16 or more peaks, or20 or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from6.62, 10.98, 13.26, 14.48, 15.02, 15.48, 15.78, 16.08, 16.32, 17.72,19.26, 19.86, 19.94, 20.44, 21.68, 21.90, 22.04, 22.60, 23.78, 26.16,26.36, 26.58, 27.24, and 28.04 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 10.98, 15.78, 16.08, 20.44,23.78, and 26.58 degrees. In some aspects, Form A is characterized by 4or more peaks, or 2 or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° ateach of 10.98, 15.78, 16.08, 20.44, 23.78, and 26.58 degrees. In someaspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction patternobtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees2-theta±0.2° at each of 10.98, 15.78, 20.44, and 26.58 degrees.

In some aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 10.98, 16.08, 23.78, and 26.58degrees. In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by 2 or more, or 4or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 6.62,10.98, 16.08, 23.78, and 26.58 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 15.78, 16.08, and 23.78degrees. In some aspects, Form A is characterized by 2 or more peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 15.78, 16.08, and 23.78degrees.

In some aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 15.78, 16.08, and 26.58 degrees.In some aspects, Form A is characterized by 2 or more peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 6.62, 15.78, 16.08, and 26.58degrees.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 17.72, 23.78, and26.58 degrees. In some aspects, Form A is characterized by 2 or morepeaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 6.62, 17.72,23.78, and 26.58 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1A. In certainaspects, Form A is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction patternessentially the same as shown in FIG. 1B. In certain aspects, Form A ischaracterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially the sameas shown in FIG. 5.

In certain aspects, Form A is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90,11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80. In some aspects,there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80degrees. In certain aspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° in at least 2 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80. In certainaspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in atleast 4 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80. In some aspects, there areonly weak intensity peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to24.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensity peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least 2 of the rangesconsisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20,and 24.40 to 24.80. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensitypeaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least 4 of the rangesconsisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20,and 24.40 to 24.80.

In some aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 8.00to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. Incertain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least 2 of the rangesconsisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20,and 24.40 to 24.80. In certain aspects, there are only peaks that areequal than or less than 1/10 the height of the most intense peak (withinthe same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in atleast 4 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80. In some aspects, there areonly peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 the height of the mostintense peak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are onlypeaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 the height of the mostintense peak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° in at least 2 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80. In certainaspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 theheight of the most intense peak (within the same diffraction pattern)expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least 4 of the rangesconsisting of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20,and 24.40 to 24.80.

In some aspects, Form A is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40 to 24.80 degree. In certainaspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40to 24.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensitypeaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. Incertain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40 to 24.80 degrees.In certain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or lessthan 1/20 the height of the most intense peak (within the samediffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40 to24.80 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form A is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60,and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. In some aspects, there are no peaks at 0 to6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. In certain aspects,there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least two ofthe ranges selected from 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80degrees. In some aspects, there are only weak intensity peaks expressedin degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to24.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensity peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least two of the rangesselected from 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. Insome aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are onlypeaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 the height of the mostintense peak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° in at least two of the ranges selected from 0 to 6.00,11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. In some aspects, there areonly peaks that are equal than or less than 1/10 the height of the mostintense peak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees.In certain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or lessthan 1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the samediffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least twoof the ranges selected from 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and 24.40 to24.80 degrees.

In some aspects, Form A is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40 to 12.60 degrees. In certainaspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40to 12.60 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensitypeaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40 to 12.60 degrees. Incertain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than1/20 the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40 to 12.60 degrees.In certain aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or lessthan 1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the samediffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40 to12.60 degrees.

In some aspects, Form A is characterized by a DSC thermogram essentiallythe same as shown in FIG. 2. In some aspects, Form A is characterized bya DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 181-200° C. In certainaspects, Form A is characterized by a melt onset of about 181° C. Insome aspects, Form A is characterized by a melting point of 191° C.±2°C.

In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by the structure asappearing in FIG. 3. In certain aspects, Form A is characterized by thestructure as appearing in FIG. 4. In some aspects, Form A has atriclinic crystal system and a space group of P1. In certain aspects,Form A has unit cell dimensions of a=6.403 Å, b=11.343 Å, c=13.507 Å,α=81.91°, β=85.73°, and γ=85.18°.

In certain aspects of the disclosure, Form A is substantially free ofother forms oftert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.Particularly, Form A is substantially free of Form D oftert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.In some aspects, Form A is substantially free of amorphoustert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.

In another aspect, provided herein is a composition comprising Form A.In some aspects, the composition comprises greater than or equal to 75%by weight Form A. In some aspects, the composition comprises greaterthan or equal to 85% by weight Form A. In some aspects, the compositioncomprises greater than or equal to 90% by weight Form A. In someaspects, the composition comprises greater than or equal to 95% byweight Form A. In some aspects, the composition comprises greater thanor equal to 98% by weight Form A. In some aspects, the compositioncomprises greater than or equal to 99% by weight Form A. In someaspects, the composition comprises greater than or equal to 99.5% byweight Form A. In some aspects, the composition comprises greater thanor equal to 99.9% by weight Form A. In another aspect, provided hereinis a composition, wherein the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A tothe sum of the amounts of other polymorphic forms is equal to or greaterthan 80:20. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the FormA to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than90:10. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A tothe sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to thesum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 97:3. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 98:2. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 99:1. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 99.5:0.5.

In another aspect, provided herein is a composition, wherein the molarratio of the amount of the Form A to polymorphic Form D is equal to orgreater than 80:20. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount ofthe Form A to Form D is equal to or greater than 90:10. In anotheraspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to Form D is equalto or greater than 95:5. In another aspect, the molar ratio of theamount of the Form A to Form D is equal to or greater than 97:3. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to Form D isequal to or greater than 98:2. In another aspect, the molar ratio of theamount of the Form A to Form D is equal to or greater than 99:1. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A to Form D isequal to or greater than 99.5:0.5.

Also provided herein is a composition comprising Form A that isessentially solvent free. In some aspects, Form A is a solvate. Incertain aspects, the composition has less than 6 wt. % of solvent. Insome aspects, the composition has less than 3 wt. % of solvent. Incertain aspects, the composition has less than 2 wt. % of solvent. Insome aspects, the composition has less than 0.5 wt. % of solvent. Incertain aspects, the solvent is methanol. In some aspects, the solventis ethanol. In certain aspects the solvent is acetone. In other aspects,the solvent is acetonitrile.

Form B

In certain aspects, the present disclosure provides a polymorph of I-491characterized as Form B. In general, Form B has a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having at least 3peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 15.42, 16.28,19.02, 20.70, and 26.88 degrees. In some aspects, Form B ischaracterized by at least one of: (a) a X-ray powder diffraction patternobtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having two or more peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from 7.32, 7.88, 10.20, 10.88, 13.40,14.68, 15.24, 15.42, 16.28, 17.70, 18.48, 19.02, 20.18, 20.70, 21.56,21.98, 22.94, 23.16, 23.86, 24.24, 24.78, 25.38, 26.40, 26.88, and 28.74degrees; or (b) a DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 170-185°C.

In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having each ofthe peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from 7.32,7.88, 10.20, 10.88, 13.40, 14.68, 15.24, 15.42, 16.28, 17.70, 18.48,19.02, 20.18, 20.70, 21.56, 21.98, 22.94, 23.16, 23.86, 24.24, 24.78,25.38, 26.40, 26.88, and 28.74 degrees. In some aspects, Form B ischaracterized by 4 or more peaks, 8 or more peaks, 16 or more peaks, or20 or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selected from7.32, 7.88, 10.20, 10.88, 13.40, 14.68, 15.24, 15.42, 16.28, 17.70,18.48, 19.02, 20.18, 20.70, 21.56, 21.98, 22.94, 23.16, 23.86, 24.24,24.78, 25.38, 26.40, 26.88, and 28.74 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.88, 10.20, 20.70, and26.88 degrees. In some aspects, Form B is characterized by 3 peaks or 2peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.88, 10.20, 20.70,and 26.88 degrees.

In some aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.32, 7.88, 10.20, and 18.48 degrees. Incertain aspects, Form B is characterized by 2 or more, or 3 or morepeaks selected from 7.32, 7.88, 10.20, and 18.48 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.32, 16.28, and 26.88degrees. In some aspects, Form B is characterized by 2 or more peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 7.32, 16.28, and 26.88degrees.

In some aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.88, 15.42, 17.70, and 21.56 degrees.In some aspects, Form B is characterized by 2 or more peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 7.88, 15.42, 17.70, and 21.56degrees.

In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 6A. In certainaspects, Form B is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction patternessentially the same as shown in FIG. 6B. In certain aspects, Form B ischaracterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially the sameas shown in FIG. 10.

In certain aspects, Form B is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00degrees. In some aspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. In certainaspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° in atleast 1 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees.In some aspects, there are only weak intensity peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. Incertain aspects, there are only weak intensity peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.05° in at least 1 of the ranges consisting of 0 to6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00. In some aspects, there are only peaks that areequal than or less than 1/20 the height of the most intense peak (withinthe same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at eachof 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. In certain aspects, there areonly peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 the height of the mostintense peak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at least 1 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15to 9.00. In some aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than orless than 1/10 the height of the most intense peak (within the samediffraction pattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only peaksthat are equal than or less than 1/10 the height of the most intensepeak (within the same diffraction pattern) expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at least 1 of the ranges consisting of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15to 9.00.

In some aspects, Form B is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.80 degree. In certainaspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to6.80 degrees. In certain aspects, there are only weak intensity peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.80 degrees. In certainaspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20 theheight of the most intense peak (within the same diffraction pattern)expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.80 degrees. In certainaspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/10 theheight of the most intense peak (within the same diffraction pattern)expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.80 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form B is further characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. Insome aspects, there are no peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at8.15 to 9.00 degrees. In some aspects, there are only weak intensitypeaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. Insome aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/20the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. Insome aspects, there are only peaks that are equal than or less than 1/10the height of the most intense peak (within the same diffractionpattern) expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 8.15 to 9.00 degrees.

In some aspects, Form B has is characterized by a DSC thermogramessentially the same as shown in FIG. 7. In some aspects, Form B ischaracterized by a DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 170-185°C. In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by a melt onset of about170° C. In some aspects, Form B is characterized by a melting point of178° C.±2° C. In some aspects, Form B is characterized by a DSCthermogram showing a second endotherm at about 185-200° C. In someaspects, Form B is characterized by a second melting point of 192.7°C.±2° C.

In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by the structure asappearing in FIG. 8. In certain aspects, Form B is characterized by thestructure as appearing in FIG. 9. In some aspects, Form B has atriclinic crystal system and a space group of P1. In certain aspects,Form B has unit cell dimensions of a=11.926 Å, b=13.239 Å, c=13.511 Å,α=65.40°, β=80.08°, and γ=89.18°.

In certain aspects of the disclosure, Form B is substantially free ofother forms oftert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.Particularly, Form B is substantially free of Form A and/or Form D oftert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.In some aspects, Form B is substantially free of amorphoustert-butyl-(R)-4-(1-((3-(difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate.

In another aspect, provided herein is a composition comprising Form B.In some aspects, the composition comprises greater than or equal to99.5% by weight Form B. In another aspect, provided herein is acomposition, wherein the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B to thesum of the amounts of other polymorphic forms is equal to or greaterthan 80:20. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the FormB to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than90:10. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B tothe sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B to thesum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 97:3. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 98:2. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 99:1. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 99.5:0.5.

Also provided herein is a composition comprising Form B that isessentially solvent free. In certain aspects, the composition has lessthan 6 wt. % of solvent. In some aspects, the composition has less than3 wt. % of solvent. In certain aspects, the composition has less than 1wt. % of solvent. In some aspects, the composition has less than 0.7 wt.% of solvent. In certain aspects, the solvent is a mixture of water andmethanol. In some aspects, the solvent is a mixture of water andethanol. In other aspects, the solvent is a mixture of water andacetonitrile. In other aspects, the solvent is water.

Form C

Also provided herein is Form C of I-491. In general, Form C has a X-raypowder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having atleast 3 peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from 11.78,15.14, 19.08, 20.54, and 21.02 degrees.

In certain aspects, Form C is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 13A. Incertain aspects, Form C is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 13B.

In some aspects, Form C is characterized by a DSC thermogram showing anendotherm at about 175-189° C. In some aspects, Form B is characterizedby a melting point of 185.9° C.±2° C. In some aspects, Form B ischaracterized by a DSC thermogram showing a second endotherm at about193-201° C. In some aspects, Form B is characterized by a second meltingpoint of 190° C.±2° C.

In some aspects, Form C is characterized by the structure shown in FIG.12A. In other aspects, Form C is characterized by the structures shownin FIG. 12B. In some aspects, Form C has a monoclinic crystal system anda space group of P21. In certain aspects, Form C has unit celldimensions of a (Å)=14.47 b (Å)=17.28 c (Å)=16.11 α (°)=90.00 β(°)=109.85 γ (°)=90.00.

Form D

Also provided herein is Form D of I-491. In general, Form D of I-491 hasa X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kαhaving at least 3 peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° selected from11.42, 14.72, 19.52, 19.82, and 20.44 degrees.

In some aspects, Form D is characterized by the structure shown in FIG.14. In other aspects, Form D is characterized by the structures shown inFIG. 15. In some aspects, Form D is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 16. In someaspects, Form D has a triclinic crystal system and a space group of P1.In certain aspects, Form D has unit cell dimensions of a (Å)=9.78, b(Å)=13.86, c (Å)=16.11, α (°)=65.39, β(°)=84.54, γ (°)=72.42.

Pharmaceutical Compositions

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical compositioncontaining a polymorph of I-491 or a pharmaceutically acceptable saltthereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The pharmaceuticalcompositions are useful for treating cardiac disorders associated withsystolic dysfunction including dilated cardiomyopathy and HFrEF inhumans and other subjects.

The pharmaceutical compositions for the administration of the polymorphsor their pharmaceutically acceptable salts provided herein mayconveniently be presented in unit dosage form and may be prepared by anyof the methods known in the art of pharmacy and drug delivery. Allmethods include the step of bringing the active ingredient intoassociation with a carrier containing one or more accessory ingredients.In general, the pharmaceutical compositions are prepared by uniformlyand intimately bringing the active ingredient into association with aliquid carrier or a finely divided solid carrier or both, and then, ifnecessary, shaping the product into the desired formulation. In thepharmaceutical composition, the active agent is generally included in anamount sufficient to increase myocardial contractility (i.e. to improvethe systolic dysfunction in DCM or HFrEF) and to improve or not worsenleft ventricular relaxation in diastole. Such improved relaxation canalleviate symptoms in dilated cardiomyopathy and other etiologies ofdiastolic dysfunction, such as heart failure with preserved ejectionfraction (HFpEF). It can also ameliorate the effects of diastolicdysfunction causing impairment of coronary blood flow, improving thelatter as an adjunctive agent in angina pectoris and ischemic heartdisease. It can also confer benefits on salutary left ventricularremodeling in DCM and other causes of left ventricular dysfunction dueto ischemic heart disease or chronic volume or pressure overload from,e.g., myocardial infarction, valvular heart disease or systemichypertension

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising Form A polymorph. In another aspect, the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In anotheraspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition, wherein themolar ratio of the amount of the Form A polymorph to the sum of theamounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 80:20. In anotheraspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A polymorph to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 90:10. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A polymorph tothe sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form A polymorphto the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than97:3. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form Apolymorph to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to orgreater than 98:2. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount ofthe Form A polymorph to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equalto or greater than 99:1.

In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprising Form Apolymorph further comprises an additional agent. Exemplary non-limitingadditional agents include agents that retard the progression of heartfailure by down-regulating neurohormonal stimulation of the heart andattempt to prevent cardiac remodeling (e.g., ACE inhibitors, angiotensinreceptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists,or neural endopeptidase inhibitors); agents that improve cardiacfunction by stimulating cardiac contractility (e.g., positive inotropicagents, such as the β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine or thephosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone); and/or agents that reducecardiac preload (e.g., diuretics, such as furosemide) or afterload(vasodilators of any class, including but not limited to calcium channelblockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists,renin inhibitors, or smooth muscle myosin modulators). In certainaspects, the additional agent in the pharmaceutical composition is acardiovascular medication.

In another aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical compositioncomprising Form B polymorph. In another aspect, the pharmaceuticalcomposition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In anotheraspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition, wherein themolar ratio of the amount of the Form B polymorph to the sum of theamounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 80:20. In anotheraspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B polymorph to the sumof the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 90:10. Inanother aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B polymorph tothe sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form B polymorphto the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than97:3. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount of the Form Bpolymorph to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to orgreater than 98:2. In another aspect, the molar ratio of the amount ofthe Form B polymorph to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equalto or greater than 99:1.

In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprising Form Bpolymorph further comprises an additional agent. Exemplary non-limitingadditional agents include agents that retard the progression of heartfailure by down-regulating neurohormonal stimulation of the heart andattempt to prevent cardiac remodeling (e.g., ACE inhibitors, angiotensinreceptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists,or neural endopeptidase inhibitors); agents that improve cardiacfunction by stimulating cardiac contractility (e.g., positive inotropicagents, such as the (3-adrenergic agonist dobutamine or thephosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone); and/or agents that reducecardiac preload (e.g., diuretics, such as furosemide) or afterload(vasodilators of any class, including but not limited to calcium channelblockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists,renin inhibitors, or smooth muscle myosin modulators). In certainaspects, the additional agent in the pharmaceutical composition is acardiovascular medication.

The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active ingredient may bein a form suitable for oral use, for example, as tablets, troches,lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions, dispersible powders or granules,emulsions, hard or soft capsules, syrups, elixirs, solutions, buccalpatch, oral gel, chewing gum, chewable tablets, effervescent powder andeffervescent tablets. Compositions intended for oral use may be preparedaccording to any method known to the art for the manufacture ofpharmaceutical compositions and such compositions may contain one ormore agents selected from the group consisting of sweetening agents,flavoring agents, coloring agents, antioxidants and preserving agents inorder to provide pharmaceutically elegant and palatable preparations.Tablets contain the active ingredient in admixture with non-toxicpharmaceutically acceptable excipients which are suitable for themanufacture of tablets. These excipients may be for example, inertdiluents, such as cellulose, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calciumcarbonate, sodium carbonate, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, lactose,calcium phosphate or sodium phosphate; granulating and disintegratingagents, for example, corn starch, or alginic acid; binding agents, forexample PVP, cellulose, PEG, starch, gelatin or acacia, and lubricatingagents, for example magnesium stearate, stearic acid or talc. Thetablets may be uncoated or they may be coated, enterically or otherwise,by known techniques to delay disintegration and absorption in thegastrointestinal tract and thereby provide a sustained action over alonger period. For example, a time delay material such as glycerylmonostearate or glyceryl distearate may be employed. They may also becoated to form osmotic therapeutic tablets for controlled release.

Formulations for oral use may also be presented as hard gelatin capsuleswherein the active ingredient is mixed with an inert solid diluent, forexample, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or kaolin, or as softgelatin capsules wherein the active ingredient is mixed with water or anoil medium, for example peanut oil, liquid paraffin, or olive oil.Additionally, emulsions can be prepared with a non-water miscibleingredient such as oils and stabilized with surfactants such asmono-diglycerides, PEG esters and the like.

Aqueous suspensions contain the active materials in admixture withexcipients suitable for the manufacture of aqueous suspensions. Suchexcipients are suspending agents, for example sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxy-propylmethylcellulose,sodium alginate, polyvinyl-pyrrolidone, gum tragacanth and gum acacia;dispersing or wetting agents may be a naturally-occurring phosphatide,for example lecithin, or condensation products of an alkylene oxide withfatty acids, for example polyoxyethylene stearate, or condensationproducts of ethylene oxide with long chain aliphatic alcohols, forexample heptadecaethyleneoxycetanol, or condensation products ofethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acids and ahexitol such as polyoxyethylene sorbitol monooleate, or condensationproducts of ethylene oxide with partial esters derived from fatty acidsand hexitol anhydrides, for example polyethylene sorbitan monooleate.The aqueous suspensions may also contain one or more preservatives, forexample ethyl, or n-propyl, p-hydroxybenzoate, one or more coloringagents, one or more flavoring agents, and one or more sweetening agents,such as sucrose or saccharin.

Oily suspensions may be formulated by suspending the active ingredientin a vegetable oil, for example arachis oil, olive oil, sesame oil orcoconut oil, or in a mineral oil such as liquid paraffin. The oilysuspensions may contain a thickening agent, for example beeswax, hardparaffin or cetyl alcohol. Sweetening agents such as those set forthabove, and flavoring agents may be added to provide a palatable oralpreparation. These compositions may be preserved by the addition of ananti-oxidant such as ascorbic acid.

Dispersible powders and granules suitable for preparation of an aqueoussuspension by the addition of water provide the active ingredient inadmixture with a dispersing or wetting agent, suspending agent and oneor more preservatives. Suitable dispersing or wetting agents andsuspending agents are exemplified by those already mentioned above.Additional excipients, for example sweetening, flavoring and coloringagents, may also be present.

The pharmaceutical compositions provided herein may also be in the formof oil-in-water emulsions. The oily phase may be a vegetable oil, forexample olive oil or arachis oil, or a mineral oil, for example liquidparaffin or mixtures of these. Suitable emulsifying agents may benaturally-occurring gums, for example gum acacia or gum tragacanth,naturally-occurring phosphatides, for example soy bean, lecithin, andesters or partial esters derived from fatty acids and hexitolanhydrides, for example sorbitan monooleate, and condensation productsof the said partial esters with ethylene oxide, for examplepolyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate. The emulsions may also containsweetening and flavoring agents.

Syrups and elixirs may be formulated with sweetening agents, for exampleglycerol, propylene glycol, sorbitol or sucrose. Such formulations mayalso contain a demulcent, a preservative and flavoring and coloringagents. Oral solutions can be prepared in combination with, for example,cyclodextrin, PEG and surfactants.

The pharmaceutical compositions may be in the form of a sterileinjectable aqueous or oleagenous suspension. This suspension may beformulated according to the known art using those suitable dispersing orwetting agents and suspending agents which have been mentioned above.The sterile injectable preparation may also be a sterile injectablesolution or suspension in a non-toxic parenterally-acceptable diluent orsolvent, for example as a solution in 1,3-butane diol. Among theacceptable vehicles and solvents that may be employed are water,Ringer's solution and isotonic sodium chloride solution. In addition,sterile, fixed oils are conventionally employed as a solvent orsuspending medium. For this purpose any bland fixed oil may be employedincluding synthetic mono- or diglycerides. In addition, fatty acids suchas oleic acid find use in the preparation of injectables.

The polymorphs or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts providedherein may also be administered in the form of suppositories for rectaladministration of the drug. These compositions can be prepared by mixingthe drug with a suitable non-irritating excipient which is solid atordinary temperatures but liquid at the rectal temperature and willtherefore melt in the rectum to release the drug. Such materials includecocoa butter and polyethylene glycols. Additionally, the compounds canbe administered via ocular delivery by means of solutions or ointments.Still further, transdermal delivery of the subject compounds can beaccomplished by means of iontophoretic patches and the like. For topicaluse, creams, ointments, jellies, solutions or suspensions, etc.,containing the compounds or their pharmaceutically acceptable saltsprovided herein are employed. As used herein, topical application isalso meant to include the use of mouth washes and gargles.

The polymorphs of this invention may also be coupled to a carrier thatis a suitable polymer for targetable drug carriers. Such polymers caninclude polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer,polyhydroxy-propyl-methacrylamide-phenol,polyhydroxyethyl-aspartamide-phenol, or polyethyleneoxide-polylysinesubstituted with palmitoyl residues. Furthermore, the polymorphs ortheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts provided herein may be coupledto a carrier that is a biodegradable polymer useful in achievingcontrolled release of a drug, such as polylactic acid, polyglycolicacid, copolymers of polylactic and polyglycolic acid, polyepsiloncaprolactone, polyhydroxy butyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals,polydihydropyrans, polycyanoacrylates and cross linked or amphipathicblock copolymers of hydrogels. Polymers and semipermeable polymermatrices may be formed into shaped articles, such as valves, stents,tubing, prostheses and the like.

Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising Form A

In certain aspects of the disclosure, provided herein is pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising Form A and a diluent. In some aspects thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a disintegrant. In certainaspects the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a binder. Insome aspects, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises alubricant.

In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprises Form A and adiluent selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, sodiumcarbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate,calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose,cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol,inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, andmixtures of any of the foregoing diluents. In some aspects, thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a disintegrant is selectedfrom the group consisting of agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapiocastarch, alginic acid, certain silicates, sodium carbonate,croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, andmixtures of any of the foregoing disintegrants. In certain aspects, thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a binder is selected fromthe group consisting of starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste),gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses,lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g.,acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum,mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, celluloseacetate, poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®),and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneglycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes,water, alcohol, and mixtures of any of the foregoing binders. In certainaspects, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a lubricant isselected from a group consisting of magnesium stearate, calciumstearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate,hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate,sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate,sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures of any of the foregoing lubricants.

Pharmaceutical Composition Comprising Form B

In certain aspects of the disclosure, provided herein is pharmaceuticalcomposition comprising Form B and a diluent. In some aspects thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a disintegrant. In certainaspects the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a binder. Insome aspects, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises alubricant.

In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprises Form B and adiluent selected from the group consisting of calcium carbonate, sodiumcarbonate, calcium phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate,calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose,cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol,inositol, sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, andmixtures of any of the foregoing diluents. In some aspects, thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a disintegrant is selectedfrom the group consisting of agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapiocastarch, alginic acid, certain silicates, sodium carbonate,croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, andmixtures of any of the foregoing disintegrants. In certain aspects, thepharmaceutical composition further comprises a binder is selected fromthe group consisting of starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste),gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses,lactose, lactitol, mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g.,acacia, sodium alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum,mucilage of isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, celluloseacetate, poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®),and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethyleneglycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates, waxes,water, alcohol, and mixtures of any of the foregoing binders. In certainaspects, the pharmaceutical composition further comprises a lubricant isselected from a group consisting of magnesium stearate, calciumstearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl behanate,hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium benzoate,sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl sulfate,sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures of any of the foregoing lubricants.

In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprises Form B, atleast one diluent, at least one disintegrant, at least one binder,and/or at least one lubricant. In certain aspects, Form B makes up about1-55% of the mass of the composition. In certain aspects, Form B makesup about 1-20% of the mass of the composition. In certain aspects, theone or more diluents makes up about 30-95% of the mass of thecomposition. In certain aspects, the one or more diluents makes up about40-95% of the mass of the composition. In certain aspects, the one ormore diluents makes up about 75-95% of the mass of the composition. Incertain aspects, the one or more disintegrants make up about 0-10% ofthe mass of the composition. In certain aspects, the one or moredisintegrants make up about 0-5% of the mass of the composition. Incertain aspects, the one or more binders make up about 0-10% of the massof the composition. In certain aspects, the one or more binders make upabout 0-5% of the mass of the composition. In certain aspects, the oneor more lubricants make up about 0-10% of the mass of the composition.In certain aspects, the one or more lubricants make up about 0-5% of themass of the composition

In certain aspects of the disclosure, provided herein is apharmaceutical composition comprising Form B, lactose, cellulose,croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and magnesiumstearate. In some aspects, the pharmaceutical composition comprises,Form B, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellosesodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and magnesium stearate.

Methods of Treating Cardiac Disorders

The mutations that lead to DCM cause significant perturbations in myosinmechanics. These mutations exert their effects via distinct mechanismsdepending on their locations in the myosin gene. Without wishing to bebound by any particular theory, it is believed that the compounds ortheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts provided herein can binddirectly to the mutant sarcomeric proteins and correct for theiraberrant function, either in cis (by affecting the same specificfunction) or in trans (by altering a complementary function). As such,they can provide therapeutic benefit for DCM patients by counteractingthe hypocontractile and/or impaired relaxation associated with thisdisease. Additionally, these compounds that increase systolic functionhold promise of treating a wide spectrum of disorders in which symptomsand/or clinical outcomes are attributable to systolic dysfunction (leftor right sided heart failure) or a reduction in systolic reserve (e.g.,HFpEF).

Accordingly, the invention provides a method of treating systolicdysfunction. Further provided are methods of treating DCM. Providedherein are methods of treating HFrEF. The disclosure also providesmethods of treating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or a cardiac disorderhaving one or more pathophysiological features associated with DCM, suchas disorders with systolic dysfunction or a reduction in systolicreserve. The method includes administering to a subject in need thereofan effective amount of a polymorph or composition provided herein.

Particularly, the invention provides a method of treating systolicdysfunction by administering to a subject in need thereof with aneffective amount of polymorph Form B of I-491. Further provided aremethods of treating DCM by administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of polymorph Form B of I-491. Also provided herein aremethods of treating HFrEF by administering to a subject in need thereofan effective amount of polymorph Form B of I-491. The disclosure alsoprovides methods of treating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) or a cardiacdisorder having one or more pathophysiological features associated withDCM, such as disorders with systolic dysfunction or a reduction insystolic reserve by administering to a subject in need thereof aneffective amount of polymorph Form B of I-491.

Also provided herein are methods of treating systolic dysfunction byadministering to a subject in need thereof with an effective amount ofpolymorph Form A of I-491, methods of treating DCM by administering to asubject in need thereof an effective amount of polymorph Form A ofI-491, and methods of treating HFrEF by administering to a subject inneed thereof an effective amount of polymorph Form A of I-491. Thedisclosure also provides methods of treating dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) or a cardiac disorder having one or more pathophysiologicalfeatures associated with DCM, such as disorders with systolicdysfunction or a reduction in systolic reserve by administering to asubject in need thereof an effective amount of polymorph Form A ofI-491.

The compounds and polymorphs thereof of the invention or theirpharmaceutically acceptable salts can alter the natural history of DCMand other diseases rather than merely palliating symptoms. Themechanisms conferring clinical benefit to DCM patients can extend topatients with other forms of heart disease sharing similarpathophysiology, with or without demonstrable genetic influence. Forexample, an effective treatment for DCM, by improving ventricularcontraction, can also be effective in a broader population characterizedby systolic dysfunction. The compounds and polymorphs of the inventionor their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can specifically target theroot causes of the conditions or act upon other downstream pathways.Accordingly, the compounds and polymorphs of the invention or theirpharmaceutically acceptable salts can also confer benefit to patientssuffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF),HFpEF, chronic congestive heart failure, acute heart failure,right-sided (or right ventricular) heart failure, cardiogenic shock andinotropic support after cardiac surgery. Compounds and polymorphs of theinvention or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can potentiallyimprove cardiac function in the following patient segments: idiopathicdilated cardiomyopathy, genetically defined or familial dilatedcardiomyopathy, ischemic or post-infarction cardiomyopathy, viralcardiomyopathy or myocarditis, toxic cardiomyopathies (e.g.,post-anthracycline anticancer therapy), metabolic cardiomyopathies (inconjunction with enzyme replacement therapy), diastolic heart failure(with diminished systolic reserve), right heart failure due to pulmonaryhypertension, and ventricular dysfunction due to on-bypasscardiovascular surgery. Compounds and polymorphs of the invention ortheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts can also promote salutaryventricular reverse remodeling of left ventricular dysfunction due toischemia or volume or pressure overload; e.g., myocardial infarctions,chronic mitral regurgitation, chronic aortic stenosis, or chronicsystemic hypertension. By reducing left ventricular filling pressuresthe compounds and polymorphs could improve the symptom of dyspnea andreduce the risk of pulmonary edema and respiratory failure. Reducing oreliminating functional mitral regurgitation and/or lowering left atrialpressures may reduce the risk of paroxysmal or permanent atrialfibrillation, and with it reduce the attendant risk of arterialthromboembolic complications including but not limited to cerebralarterial embolic stroke. The compounds and polymorphs, or theirpharmaceutically acceptable salts may reduce the severity of the chronicischemic state associated with DCM and thereby reduce the risk of SuddenCardiac Death (SCD) or its equivalent in patients with implantablecardioverter-defibrillators (frequent and/or repeated ICD discharges)and/or the need for potentially toxic antiarrhythmic medications. Thecompounds and polymorphs, or their pharmaceutically acceptable saltscould be valuable in reducing or eliminating the need for concomitantmedications with their attendant potential toxicities, drug-druginteractions, and/or side effects. The compounds and polymorphs, ortheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts may reduce interstitialmyocardial fibrosis and/or slow the progression, arrest, or reverse leftventricular stiffness and diastolic dysfunction.

The present disclosure provides a method of treating systolicdysfunction in a patient in need thereof. In some embodiments, thepatient is suffering from a syndrome or disorder selected from the groupconsisting of heart failure (including, but not limited to, heartfailure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), heart failure withpreserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), congestive heart failure, anddiastolic heart failure (with diminished systolic reserve)); acardiomyopathy (including, but not limited to, ischemic cardiomyopathy,dilated cardiomyopathy, post-infarction cardiomyopathy, viralcardiomyopathy, toxic cardiomyopathy (including, but not limited to,post-anthracycline anticancer therapy), metabolic cardiomyopathy(including, but not limited to, in conjunction with enzyme replacementtherapy), infiltrative cardiomyopathy (including, but not limited to,amyloidosis), and diabetic cardiomyopathy); cardiogenic shock;conditions that benefit from inotropic support after cardiac surgery(e.g., ventricular dysfunction due to on-bypass cardiovascular surgery);myocarditis (including, but not limited to, viral); atherosclerosis;secondary aldosteronism; myocardial infarction; valve disease(including, but not limited to, mitral regurgitation and aorticstenosis); systemic hypertension; pulmonary hypertension (i.e.,pulmonary arterial hypertension); detrimental vascular remodeling;pulmonary edema; and respiratory failure. In certain embodiments, thesyndrome or disorder may be chronic and/or stable. In some embodiments,the patient has heart failure and a diagnosis of any one of NYHA ClassII-IV. In certain embodiments, the patient has symptomatic heartfailure. In some embodiments, the patient has acute heart failure.

In some embodiments, the patient with HFrEF also exhibits mitralregurgitation. In some embodiments, the HFrEF is ischemic HFrEF. In someembodiments, the HFrEF is dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); optionally, thepatient has a genetic predisposition to DCM or genetic DCM (which may becaused by a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant of a gene related tocardiac function including, but not limited to, MYH7 or Titin mutation).

Depending on the disease to be treated and the subject's condition, thecompounds and polymorphs, or their pharmaceutically acceptable saltsprovided herein may be administered by oral, parenteral (e.g.,intramuscular, intraperitoneal, intravenous, ICV, intracisternalinjection or infusion, subcutaneous injection, or implant), byimplantation (e.g., as when the compound or polymorph is coupled to astent device), by inhalation spray, nasal, vaginal, rectal, sublingual,or topical routes of administration and may be formulated, alone ortogether, in suitable dosage unit formulations containing conventionalnon-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, adjuvants and vehiclesappropriate for each route of administration.

It will be understood, however, that the specific dose level andfrequency of dosage for any particular patient may be varied and willdepend upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specificcompound or polymorph employed, the metabolic stability and length ofaction of that compound or polymorph, the age, body weight, hereditarycharacteristics, general health, sex and diet of the subject, as well asthe mode and time of administration, rate of excretion, drugcombination, and the severity of the particular condition for thesubject undergoing therapy.

Compounds, polymorphs, and compositions provided herein may be used incombination with other drugs that are used in the treatment, prevention,suppression or amelioration of the diseases or conditions for whichcompounds, polymorphs, and compositions provided herein are useful. Suchother drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonlyused therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound,polymorph, or composition provided herein. When a compound, polymorph,or composition provided herein is used contemporaneously with one ormore other drugs, a pharmaceutical composition containing such otherdrugs in addition to the compound, polymorph, or composition providedherein is preferred. Accordingly, the pharmaceutical compositionsprovided herein include those that also contain one or more other activeingredients or therapeutic agents, in addition to a compound, polymorph,or composition provided herein. Suitable additional active agentsinclude, for example: therapies that retard the progression of heartfailure by down-regulating neurohormonal stimulation of the heart andattempt to prevent cardiac remodeling (e.g., ACE inhibitors, angiotensinreceptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, aldosterone receptor antagonists,or neural endopeptidase inhibitors); therapies that improve cardiacfunction by stimulating cardiac contractility (e.g., positive inotropicagents, such as the β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine or thephosphodiesterase inhibitor milrinone); and therapies that reducecardiac preload (e.g., diuretics, such as furosemide) or afterload(vasodilators of any class, including but not limited to calcium channelblockers, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists,renin inhibitors, or smooth muscle myosin modulators). The compounds,polymorphs, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be used incombination with a beta-blocker (a drug class with known side-effectsdue to negative inotropic effect) to confer unique tolerability ofbeta-blocker titration to target doses. The compounds, polymorphs, ortheir pharmaceutically acceptable salts may be used in combination witha lusitropic agent for the treatment of diastolic heart failure (orHFpEF, a disorder with diastolic dysfunction and reduced systolicreserve). The weight ratio of the compound or polymorph provided hereinto the second active ingredient may be varied and will depend upon theeffective dose of each ingredient. Generally, an effective dose of eachwill be used.

EXAMPLES

In order that the invention described herein may be more fullyunderstood, the following examples are set forth. The examples describedin this application are offered to illustrate the compounds, polymorphs,pharmaceutical compositions, and methods provided herein and are not tobe construed in any way as limiting their scope.

Example 1. Preparation of(R)-4-(1-((3-(Difluoromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)sulfonyl)-1-fluoroethyl)-N-(isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxamide(I-491)

I-491 was synthesized as described in U.S. Pat. No. 9,925,177.

Example 2. Polymorph Evaporation Experiments

Solutions of I-491 were prepared in various solvents at roomtemperature. Once the mixtures reached complete dissolution, as judgedby visual observation, solutions were allowed to evaporate to drynessfrom an open vial at room temperature. The solids were analyzed by XRPD.

TABLE 1 Solvent Polymorph Obtained Acetonitrile Form A + εD Acetone FormA + acetone solvate Methyl Ethyl Ketone Form A + εD Dichloromethane FormA + εD

Example 3. Polymorph Slurry Experiments

The selected solvent was pre-saturated by slurring with I-491 at theselected temperature. A small amount (20 mg/mL) of I-491 was then addedand the suspensions were slurried for two weeks at the indicatedtemperature. The solids were collected by vacuum filtration and analyzedby XRPD and TGA. The results obtained are reported in Table 2 and Table3.

In a first set of experiments (Table 2), which were performed utilizingvarious amounts of water, a non-hydrated form designated as Form B wasisolated. In a second set of experiments (Table 3), Form B was isolatedby slurring in various solvents without water and at room temperature.At 50° C., a mixture of Forms A and/or B plus Form C was obtained.

TABLE 2 Solvent Percent Water Temperature Polymorph Obtained Ethanol /Water  25% RT Form B Ethanol / Water  45% RT Form B Ethanol / Water  75%RT Form B Methanol / Water  25% RT Form B Methanol / Water  45% RT FormB Methanol / Water  75% RT Form B Water 100% RT Form B

TABLE 3 Solvent Temperature Polymorph Obtained Ethanol RT Form B Ethanol50° C. Mixture of Form A + B + C Methanol RT Form B Methanol 50° C.Mixture of Form A + B + C Ethyl Acetate RT Form B Ethyl Acetate 50° C.Mixture of Form A + B + C Methyl IsoButyl Ketone RT Form B MethylIsoButyl Ketone 50° C. Mixture of Form B + C

Example 4. Polymorph Relative Stability and Interconversion

The relative stability of Form A-εD and Form B was assessed byinterconversion slurring experiments at different temperatures in anacetonitrile and water mixture. The solvent was pre-saturated byslurring with Form A-εD at the selected temperature. A mixture 1:1 (w/w)of forms A-εD and B was then added to each mother liquor sample andslurried for 18 hours at selected temperature. The solids were collectedby vacuum filtration and analyzed by XRPD, TGA and DSC. The resultsobtained are reported in Table 4. Form B was found to be more stablecompared to Form A in the range of RT to 70° C.

TABLE 4 Temperature Polymorph Obtained 25° C. Form B 50° C. Form B 60°C. Form B 70° C. Form B 80° C. Form C + traces of Forms A and B

Example 5. Characterization of Form A

A representation XRPD pattern for Form A appears in FIG. 1B (acquisitionparameters: Panalytical X-pert Pro MPD PW3040 Pro; X-ray tube=Cu(1.54059 Å); voltage=45 kV; amperage=40 mA; scan range=1.00-39.99° 20;collection time: 718 s; scan speed=3.3°/min; slit=DS: fixed slit ½°;SS=null; revolution time=1.0 s; mode=transmission).

The DSC thermogram (parameters: equilibrate at 0.00° C., ramp 10.00°C./min to 250.00° C.) shows a single endothermic event associated withthe melting of crystalline product characterized by a melting point of191° C. and melting enthalpy of 75 J/g (FIG. 2). A continuous light lossof mass of 1.7% is observed between room temperature and 149° C. by TGA(FIG. 2). The DVS isotherm evidences the non-hygroscopic character ofForm A.

Synchrotron XRPD & Single Crystal

A powder sample of I-491 was sealed into a 0.8 mm thin walledborosilicate glass capillary and then analyzed by high resolutionsynchrotron XRD, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline ID22, ESRF Grenoble) (Fitch, A. N. Mater. Sci. Forum 1996, 228-231;Experiment register: in952). Powder diffraction data (0.5°<2θ<38°) wererecorded at room temperature at the Beam Line ID31 in transmission modewith a wavelength of 1.0 Å (12.40 KeV) and a step size of 0.003°. Inorder to exclude any degradation effect due to beam exposure and toenhance counting statistics, the measurements were made using a devicethat enabled horizontal translation of the capillary, such that eachindividual data set was obtained only from previously unexposed area ofthe powder (original recording). After normalization of the profiles andsmoothing of the background, 29 non-overlapping peaks located in the lowto medium angle region of the resulting powder diagram were used forcell determination. The synchrotron powder XRD pattern of I-491,represented in FIG. 1A, could be indexed (Boultif, A.; Louër, D. J.Appl. Cryst. 1991, 24, 987-993) in the triclinic unit cell whoseparameters are given below.

Slow evaporation from MeOH/EtOH mixture affords crystals suitable forX-rays diffraction studies. A single crystal selected by observationunder a binocular microscope was mounted on the goniometric head of aBruker Instrument APEX DUO diffractometer (Bruker AXS (2011). APEX2suite V 2011.2-0. Madison, Wis., U.S.A.) Intensities were collected atroom temperature (T=293 K), with the use of a micro source Cu Kαradiation (ImuS, λ=1.54178 Å). Systematic investigation of thediffraction nodes indicates that the crystal belongs to the triclinicsystem, with a primitive Bravais lattice. The room temperature unit cellparameters are: a (Å)=6.40, b (Å)=11.34, c (Å)=13.51, α (°)=81.91, β(°)=85.75, γ (°)=85.18. In view of the number of atoms in the moleculeof I-491 Form A and of the unit cell volume, it was concluded that thisunit cell must contain 2 molecules having the formula C16 H18 F3 N5 O4 Swhich is equivalent to a calculated density of 1.490. The number ofreflections collected was 9846, of which 5255 were unique.

Based on the statistical distribution of the intensities, anon-centrosymmetric structure is deduced.

The structure was solved by direct methods and refined on F² by fullleast squares methods with SHELXTL (Sheldrick, G. M. Acta Crystallogr.Sect. A 2008, A64, 112-122). All non-hydrogen atoms were refined withanisotropic displacement parameters; a riding model was used forhydrogen atoms. Final agreement values are R1=0.0992 (observedreflections) and wR2=0.2875 (all data) for 5255 reflections and 542parameters, with a goodness of fit of 1.694.

The compound (FIG. 3) crystallizes in the space group P1, the asymmetricunit of the crystal is made up of 2 molecule of I-491 Form A, thus 2formulae are present in the unit cell (FIG. 4). The asymmetric cellcontains: 2 [C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S]. One piperidine group and both CF₂groups are disordered. Examination of the molecular structure confirmsthat all bond angles and lengths stand in the standard range values.

Crystal data, X-rays experimental parameters and structure refinementsare given in Table 5. Table 5.1 lists the positional parameters for allindependent non-hydrogen atoms together with their equivalent isotropicdisplacement parameters. Bond lengths and angles are listed Table 5.2and 5.3. Hydrogen positions are reported Table 5.4. Table 5.5 lists allthe hydrogen bonds.

TABLE 5 Identification code Form A Chemical formula C16 H18 F3 N5 O4 SMolecular weight 433.41 Temperature 296(2) Wavelength 1.54178 Crystalsystem; space group Triclinic; P 1 Unit cell dimensions a = 6.4036(8) Å;a = 81.907(9)° b = 11.3434(15) Å; 13 = 85.753(9)° c = 13.5070(15) Å; γ =85.181(9)° Volume 966.0(2) Å³ Z, Calculated density 2, 1.490 Mg/m³Absorption coefficient 2.069 1/mm F(000) 448 Theta range for datacollection 3.31° to 68.05° Limiting indices −7 <= h <= 7; −12 <= k <=13; −16 <= 1 <= 16 Reflection collected / unique 9846 / 5255 R(int) =0.0486 Completeness to theta max 87.8% Refinement method Full-matrixleast-square on F² Data / restraints / parameters 5255 / 813 / 542Goodness of fit on F² 1.694 Final R indices I > 2 sigma(I) R1 = 0.0992;wR2 = 0.2565 Final R indices all data R1 = 0.1289; wR2 = 0.2875 Absolutestructure parameter 0.03(4) Largest diff peak and hole 0.576 d −0.320e/Å³

TABLE 5.1 Atomic coordinates (×10⁴) and equivalent isotropicdisplacements parameters (Å² × 10³). U(eq) is defined as one third ofthe trace of the orthogonalized U^(ij) tensor. Label x y z U(eq). C103 5150(20)   9179(11)   3610(8)   109(3) C104  6600(20)   8398(11)  3876(8)   121(4) C105  6152(14)   8210(7)   4885(6)   70(2) C107 9125(14)   6908(7)   5474(6)   66(2) C110  8464(14)   5362(8)   6915(6)61.1(1.8) C111  9448(14)   4736(9)   7841(7) 61.1(1.8) C112 11574(13)  4112(8)   7602(7)   83(2) C113 12988(14)   4887(9)   6945(7)   89(3)C114 11978(14)   5533(8)   6048(7)   79(2) C115 12589(17)   3340(9)  8467(7)   86(3) C117 12890(20)   3986(10)   9351(9)  119(4) C12113014(18)   1089(8)   9672(7)   89(3) C122 14802(19)   426(9)   9424(7)  97(3) C125 12685(18)   897(8)  10686(7)   92(3) C126 11019(20)  1396(19)  11379(8)  120(3) C129 17240(20)  −1035(13)  10401(9)  125(4)C203 13600(20)  −2770(11)   9150(8)  122(4) C204 11860(20)  −2182(12)  8803(8)  128(4) C205 12556(17)  −1809(7)   7762(6)   76(2) C207 9518(17)   −522(7)   7174(7)   74(2) C210 10021(19)   413(12)   5440(6) 119(4) C211  9220(20)   1371(13)   4705(9)  139(4) C212  7580(20)  2100(11)   4681(9)  120(4) C213  6240(20)   1853(14)   5796(9)  140(4)C214  6932(19)   955(11)   6566(8)  109(4) C215  6392(18)   2881(8)  4025(8)   89(3) C217  4150(20)   2895(12)   4005(12)  128(4) C221 5774(13)   5296(8)   3046(6)   67(2) C222  4032(17)   6003(9)   3258(7)  88(3) C225  6049(17)   5486(10)   1996(7)   85(3) C226  7950(20)  4947(12)   1394(6)  137(4) C229  1560(20)   7350(14)   2161(10) 135(5) C310  8800(40)   5990(30)   7269(13) 61.1(1.8) C311 10120(40)  5130(20)   7970(20) 61.1(1.8) F116 14893(9)   2969(6)   8116(5)1136(19) F127 11690(20)   2343(11)  11694(10)  186(5) F128 10358(17)  544(8)  12074(7)  167(4) F130 11930(40)   550(30)  12217(15)  146(6)F216  7314(14)   2624(5)   3083(4)  128(2) F227  9000(20)   5806(11)  863(10)  185(4) F228 71020(20)   4280(12)   803(10)  186(4) F230 7580(50)   5280(40)   426(13)  164(6) N101  4417(12)   8743(7)  5106(5)   84(2) N106  7211(12)   7466(5)   5649(5) 69.1(1.8) N109 9914(11)   6112(6)   6243(5) 68.8(11) N123 15442(15)   −150(3) 10258(6)  101(3) N124 14203(18)   145(8)  11050(5)   97(3) N20114385(13)  −2285(8)   7552(5)   84(2) N206 11472(13)  −1123(6)   7026(5)  81(2) N209  8876(12)   246(8)   6384(5) 72.2(1.9) N223  3330(13)  6535(7)   2357(6)   90(2) N224  4652(15)   6256(8)   1589(6)   96(3)O102  3733(11)   9366(6)   4167(4)   95(2) O108 10226(11)   7134(6)  4692(5)   95(2) O119  9448(14)   2217(9)   9269(8)  144(4) O12011642(18)   1445(8)   7875(7)  141(3) O202 15122(13)  −2937(6)   8453(5) 100(2) O206  8566(13)   −662(7)   7987(5)  103(2) O219  6456(13)  4827(7)   4900(5)  101(2) O220  9347(12)   4432(8)   3873(8)  108(2)S118 11452(4)   1959(2)   8778(2) 99.0(9) S218  7182(3) 4449.2(1.8)3968.6(1.5) 73.8(6)

TABLE 5.2 Bond Lengths (Ångstrom) Bond Length (Å) C103—C104 1.299(16)C104—0105 1.335(13) C105—N106 1.433(10) C107—N109 1.374(10) C107—O1081.235(10) C110—C111 1.503(10) C111—C112 1.516(10) C112—C113 1.467(13)C112—C115 1.511(12) C113—C114 1.484(12) C115—C117 1.517(15) C115—F1161.443(11) C115—S118 1.767(11) C121—C122 1.363(10) C121—C125 1.360(13)C122—N123 1.296(12) C125—C126 1.490(14) C126—F127 1.333(13) C126—F1281.328(11) C126—F130 1.365(16) C203—C204 1.334(18) C204—C205 1.459(13)C205—N206 1.368(11) C207—N209 1.346(12) C207—O208 1.213(10) C210—C2111.452(14) C211—C212 1.311(16) C212—C213 1.459(16) C212—C215 1.557(14)C213—C214 1.416(16) C215—C217 1.436(16) C215—F216 1.419(12) C215—S2181.880(11) C221—C222 1.355(12) C221—C225 1.405(13) C222—N223 1.369(12)C225—C226 1.545(16) C296—F227 1.327(12) C226—F228 1.339(13) C226—F2301.340(16) C310—C311 1.513(17) C311—C112 1.536(16) F127—F130 1.07(3)F128—F130 1.63(3) F227—F230 1.34(4) F228—F230 1.23(4) N101—C1051.263(10) N101—O102 1.407(9) N106—C107 1.352(10) N109—C110 1.483(9)N109—C114 1.449(11) N109—C310 1.506(16) N123—C129 1.467(14) N123—N1241.347(11) N124—C125 1.315(13) N201—C205 1.277(12) N201—O202 1.422(9)N206—C207 1.388(12) N209—O210 1.419(11) N209—C214 1.448(12) N223—C2291.419(14) N223—N224 1.345(10) N224—C225 1.293(13) O102—C103 1.278(12)O202—C203 1.323(14) S118—C121 1.763(10) S118—O119 1.428(10) S118—O1201.418(9) S218—C221 1.724(9) S218—O219 1.419(6) S218—O220 1.413(8)

TABLE 5.3 Bond Angles(°) Atoms Angle (°) C103—C104—C105 106.4(10)C103—O102—N101 107.6(7) C104—C105—N106 131.3(9) C105—N101—O102 104.5(7)C107—N105—C105 121.4(6) C107—N109—C110 119.4(7) C107—N109—C114 116.4(6)C107—N109—C310 120.6(12) C110—C111—C112 112.1(8) C110—N109—C310 37.3(14)C111—C112—C311 26.2(12) C112—C113—C114 114.0(8) C112—C115—C117 114.5(3)C112—C115—S118 112.1(7) C113—C112—C111 112.9(8) C113—C112—0115 115.5(8)C113—C112—C311 96.0(14) C114—N109—C110 114.7(7) C114—N109—C310 122.5(12)C115—C112—C111 116.3(8) C115—C112—C311 110.9(13) C117—C115—S118 115.0(7)C121—C125—C125 131.2(9) C121—S118—C115 106.7(5) C122—C121—S118 123.4(7)C122—N123—C129 128.0(9) C122—N123—N124 111.4(9) C125—C121—C122 107.5(9)C125—C121—S118 129.1(8) C125—N124—N123 106.5(7) C126—F128—F130 53.9(9)C126—F130—F128 51.8(9) C203—C204—C205 100.8(10) C203—O202—N201 105.2(8)C205—N201—O202 107.5(7) C205—N206—C207 124.9(7) C207—N209—C210 124.0(8)C207—N209—C214 115.2(7) C210—N209—C214 120.8(8) C211—C212—C213 119.7(10)C211—C215—C212 122.5(10) C212—C211—C210 123.9(10) C212—C215—S218107.2(8) C213—C212—C215 112.7(11) C213—C214—N209 118.6(8) C214—C213—C212119.4(10) C217—C215—C212 120.7(10) C217—C215—S218 109.7(8)C221—C222—N223 106.5(7) C221—C225—C226 123.8(10) C221—S218—C215 105.9(4)C222—C221—C225 104.3(8) C222—C221—S218 122.4(6) C222—N223—C229 129.2(9)C225—C221—S218 133.3(7) C225—N224—N223 104.9(7) C226—F227—F230 60.3(11)C225—F230—F227 59.3(12) C310—C311—C112 122(2) F116—C115—C112 107.3(7)F116—C115—C117 104.5(9) F116—C115—S118 101.9(5) F127—C126—C125 108.7(11)F127—C126—F130 46.7(13) F127—F130—C126 65.1(11) F127—F130—F128 112.0(16)F128—C126—C125 110.4(9) F128—C126—F127 116.0(11) F123—C126—F130 74.3(15)F130—C126—C125 107.1(14) F130—F127—C126 68.2(11) F216—C215—C212 109.5(8)F216—C215—C217 108.5(11) F216—C215—S218 98.9(6) F227—C226—C225 110.5(11)F227—C226—F228 111.6(12) F227—C226—F230 60.4(8) F228—C226—C225 104.8(11)F228—C226—F230 54.5(17) F228—F230—C226 62.7(12) F228—F230—F227 118.3(17)F230—C226—C225 105.8(16) F230—F228—C226 62.8(12) N101—C105—C104 11.4(9)N101—C105—N106 117.1(7) N106—C107—N109 117.2(6) N109—C110—C111 113.3(7)N109—C114—C113 114.8(7) N109—C310—C311 108.5(19) N123—C122—C121 106.1(8)N124—C125—C121 108.3(8) N124—C125—C126 120.5(8) N124—N123—C129 120.5(8)N201—C205—C204 111.3(9) N201—C205—N206 119.9(7) N206—C205—C204 128.7(10)N209—C207—N206 115.1(7) N209—C210—C211 116.7(9) N224—C225—C221 112.1(9)N224—C225—C226 123.1(9) N224—N223—C222 111.3(7) N224—N223—C229 119.3(9)O102—C103—C104 109.6(9) O108—C107—N106 123.4(7) O108—C107—N109 119.2(8)O119—S118—C115 106.1(5) O119—S118—C121 107.3(5) O120—S118—C115 104.7(6)O120—S118—C121 109.7(5) O120—S118—O119 121.3(7) O202—C203—C204 114.5(9)O208—C207—N206 119.7(9) O208—C207—N209 125.2(9) O219—S218—C215 108.1(5)O210—S218—C221 107.9(4) O220—S218—C215 107.1(5) O220—S218—C221 109.4(4)O220—S218—O219 119.5(5)

TABLE 5.4 Hydrogen coordinates (x 10⁴) and isotropic displacementsparameters (Å² × 10³) Label x y z U(eq) H106 6616.0 7373.0 6244.0 83.0H10B 5157.0 9545.0 2849.0 130.0 H10C 7717.0 8041.0 3520.0 145.0 H11A7987.0 4770.0 6548.0 73.0 H11B 7243.0 5882.0 7112.0 73.0 H11C 8523.04153.0 8183.0 73.0 H11D 9608.0 5314.0 8290.0 73.0 H11E 14197.0 4404.06730.0 106.0 H11F 13440.0 5466.0 7327.0 106.0 H11G 12894.0 6134.0 5726.095.0 H11H 11886.0 4972.0 5576.0 95.0 H11I 13514.0 4722.0 9116.0 179.0H11J 13785.0 3493.0 9805.0 179.0 H11K 11548.0 4153.0 9692.0 179.0 H12B15435.0 393.0 8765.0 117.0 H12D 17953.0 −1128.0 9763.0 188.0 H12E16752.0 −1786.0 10707.0 188.0 H12F 18168.0 −768.0 10826.0 188.0 H20612042.0 −1058.0 6426.0 97.0 H20B 13743.0 −3040.0 9826.0 146.0 H20C10550.0 −2047.0 9134.0 154.0 H21E 3754.0 2093.0 4030.0 192.0 H21F 3705.03364.0 3399.0 192.0 H21G 3496.0 3236.0 4572.0 192.0 H22B 3430.0 6106.03891.0 106.0 H22D 1484.0 7565.0 1450.0 202.0 H22E 1684.0 8054.0 2466.0202.0 H22F 304.0 6984.0 2433.0 202.0 H31A 7429.0 5689.0 7242.0 73.0 H31B8594.0 6759.0 7508.0 73.0 H31C 10045.0 5215.0 8649.0 73.0

TABLE 5.5 Hydrogen bonds with bond lengths (Ångstroms) and angles(degress °) Distance Distance Distance Angle D----H . . . A (D-H) (H . .. A) (D . . . A) (D-H . . . A) N106-H106 . . . N201 0.8600 2.24003.065(10) 159.00 N206-H206 . . . N101 0.8600 2.2800 3.105(10) 161.00C103-H10B . . . N124 0.9300 2.5300 3.431(13) 162.00 C104-H10C . . . O1080.9300 2.4100 2.837(14) 108.00 C110-H11A . . . O219 0.9700 2.49003.247(11) 135.00 C110-H11B . . . N106 0.9700 2.4000 2.828(11) 100.00C111-H11C . . . O119 0.9700 2.5200 3.215(14) 129.00 C113-H11E . . . F1160.9700 2.3200 2.710(12) 103.00 C122-H12B . . . O208 0.9300 2.51003.262(13) 138.00 C129-H12D . . . O208 0.9600 2.3900 3.285(14) 155.00C203-H20B . . . N224 0.9300 2.5000 3.421(14) 172.00 C204-H20C . . . O2080.9300 2.3900 2.788(15) 106.00 C222-H22B . . . O108 0.9300 2.52003.287(12) 140.00

Representation of the crystal structures are given in FIGS. 3 and 4. Thefigures were generated with the PLATON program (Spek, A. L. J. Appl.Cryst. 2003, 36, 7-13).

The I-491 Form A molecule contains a sulfur atom that allows theabsolute configuration to be determined, making used of the resolutionfrom single crystal data. The Flack×parameter is calculated based on theanomalous scattering method (Flack, H. D.; Bernadinelli, G. Acta. Cryst.1999, A55, 908-915) It gives the absolute structure, providing asufficient estimate standard deviation is reached. According to thetheory, the expected values of the Flack×parameter are 0 for correct(within 3 esd.s) and +1 for inverted absolute structure. The resultsconsidering the configuration C115: R; C215: R is 0.03(4), despite pooresd's, are sufficient to prove the absolute configuration of I-491 FormA.

A simulated diffraction pattern (FIG. 5) was produced from the roomtemperature experimentally determined crystal structure of Form A. Anexperimental powder diffraction pattern can be compared to thistheoretical pattern to demonstrate the nature of the crystallinestructure. Minor differences (if any) can be explained by preferentialorientations in the powder.

The crystal structure of I-491 Form A was determined by X-raydiffraction on a single crystal, allowing the generation of a referencepowder pattern. Even if the structure is fully solved, this phase is ofrather poor quality and thus should correspond to a kinetic form; thisis confirmed by rather large peaks found in the synchrotron powderpattern.

Example 6. Characterization of Form B

A representation XRPD pattern for Form B appears in FIG. 6B.

The DSC thermogram (parameters: equilibrate at 0.00° C., ramp 10.00°C./min to 250.00° C.) shows a first endothermic event at 178° C. (5.5J/g) associated with the solid-solid transition of form B to form A,followed by a second endothermic event at 193° C. (80 J/g) correspondingto the melting of form A (FIG. 7).

A continuous loss of mass of 0.6% is observed between room temperatureand 150° C. by TGA (FIG. 7). The DVS isotherm of Form B demonstrates thenonhygroscopic character of Form B.

Synchrotron XRPD & Single Crystal

A powder sample of I-491 was sealed into a 0.8 mm thin walledborosilicate glass capillary and then analyzed by high resolutionsynchrotron XRD, at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (beamline ID22, ESRF Grenoble) (Fitch, A. N. Mater. Sci. Forum 1996, 228-231;ESRF Experiment register: in971). Powder diffraction data (0.5°<2θ<40°)were recorded at room temperature at the Beam Line ID31 in transmissionmode with a wavelength of 0.8 Å (15.5 KeV) and a step size of 0.003°. Inorder to exclude any degradation effect due to beam exposure and toenhance counting statistics, the measurements were made using a devicethat enabled horizontal translation of the capillary, such that eachindividual data set was obtained only from previously unexposed area ofthe powder (original recording). After normalization of the profiles andsmoothing of the background, 45 non-overlapping peaks located in the lowto medium angle region of the resulting powder diagram were used forcell determination. The synchrotron powder XRD pattern of I-491 Form B,represented in FIG. 6A, could be indexed (Boultif A.; Louër, D. J. Appl.Cryst. 1991, 24, 987-993) in the triclinic unit cell whose parametersare given below, and refined by the Fawley method using TOPAS software(TOPAS 4.2: Coelho, A. A. TOPAS Academic User Manual, Brisbane,Australia, 2007; Coelho A. A. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2003, 36, 86-95) toa final Rwp value of 9.55%.

Twinned crystals grown in acetonitrile/water mixtures were suitable forX-rays diffraction studies.

A single crystal selected by observation under a binocular microscopewas mounted on the goniometric head of a Bruker Instrument APEX DUOdiffractometer (Bruker AXS (2011). APEX2 suite V 2011.2-0. Madison,Wis., U.S.A.). Intensities were collected at room temperature (T=293 K),with the use of a micro source Cu Kα radiation (ImuS, λ=1.54178 Å).Systematic investigation of the diffraction nodes indicates that thecrystal belongs to the triclinic system, with a primitive Bravaislattice. The room temperature unit cell parameters are: a (Å)=11.93, b(Å)=13.24, c (Å)=13.51, α (°)=65.40, (3 (°)=80.08, and γ (°)=89.18.

In view of the number of atoms in the molecule of I-491 Form B and ofthe unit cell volume, it is concluded that this unit cell must contain 4molecules having the formula C16 H18 F3 N5 O4 S which is equivalent to acalculated density of 1.516. The number of reflections collected was23771, of which 10282 were unique.

Based on the statistical distribution of the intensities, anon-centrosymmetric structure is deduced.

The structure was solved by direct methods and refined on F² by fullleast squares methods with SHELXTL (Sheldrick, G. M. Acta Crystallogr.Sect. A 2008, A64, 112-122). All non-hydrogen atoms were refined withanisotropic displacement parameters; a riding model was used forhydrogen atoms. Final agreement values are R1=0.0512 (observedreflections) and wR2=0.1445 (all data) for 10282 reflections and 1073parameters, with a goodness of fit of 1.030.

The compound crystallizes in the space group P1(FIG. 8), the asymmetricunit of the crystal is made up of 4 molecules of I-491 Form B, thus 4formulae are present in the unit cell (FIG. 9). This rather rare featurewas also observed with polymorphs Form C and Form D, whereas kineticForm A is made up of 2 independent molecules. The asymmetric cellcontains: 4 [C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S]. Several CF₂ groups and one methyl aredisordered in the solid state. Examination of the molecular structureconfirms that all bond angles and lengths stand in the standard rangevalues.

Crystal data, X-rays experimental parameters and structure refinementsare given in Table 6. Table 6.1 lists the positional parameters for allindependent non-hydrogen atoms together with their equivalent isotropicdisplacement parameters. Bond lengths and angles are listed Table 6.2and 6.3. Hydrogen positions are reported Table 6.4. Table 6.5 lists allthe hydrogen bonds.

TABLE 6 Identification code Form B Chemical formula C16 H19.75 F3 N5 O4S Molecular weight 435.18 Temperature 113(2) Wavelength 1.54178 Crystalsystem; space group Triclinic; P 1 Unit cell dimensions a = 11.9264(3)Å; α = 65.3989(14) ° b = 13.2395(4) Å; β = 80.0842(15) ° c = 13.5114(4)Å; γ = 89.1777(15) ° Volume 1906.89(9) Å³ Z, Calculated density 4, 1.516Mg/m³ Absorption coefficient 2.097 1/mm F(000) 903 Theta range for datacollection 3.66° to 63.25° Limiting indices −13 <= h <= 13; −14 <= k <=15; −15 <= l <= 15 Reflection collected/unique 23771/10282 [R(int) =0.0454] Completeness to theta max 97.8% Refinement method Full-matrixleast-square on F² Data/restraints/parameters 10282/829/1073 Goodness offit on F² 1.030 Final R indices [I > 2 sigma(I)] R1 = 0.0512 ; wR2 =0.1329 Final R indices [all data] R1 = 0.0626 ; wR2 = 0.1445 Absolutestructure parameter 0.011(14) Largest diff peak and hole 0.444 and−0.224 e/Å³

TABLE 6.1 Atomic coordinates (×10⁴) and equivalent isotropicdisplacements parameters (Å² × 10³) for Form B. U(eq) is defined as onethird of the trace of the orthogonalized U_(ij) tensor Label x y z U(eq)C103 11921(3)   829(2) 5961(3) 62.0(9) C104 10940(3)  1046(2) 6479(3)58.0(8) C105 10552(2)  1973(2) 5629(2) 48.9(7) C107 8783(2) 2308(2)6613(2) 49.5(7) C110 6989(3) 2662(3) 7489(3)   67.7(1.0) C111 6548(3)3659(3) 7659(2)   72.9(1.1) C112 6151(3) 4489(2) 6628(2) 56.6(8) C1137114(3) 4802(2) 5645(2) 60.3(9) C114 7581(3) 3787(2) 5517(2) 63.8(9)C115 5681(3) 5497(2) 6796(2) 61.8(9) C117 6476(3) 6524(3) 6430(3)  80.5(1.0) C121 3748(2) 6808(2) 6650(2) 52.7(8) C122 3020(3) 6472(2)7639(3) 57.5(8) C125 3804(2) 7975(2) 6216(2) 50.9(7) C126 4425(3)8800(3) 5118(3)   69.6(1.0) C129 1903(3) 7460(3) 8692(3)   76.2(1.1)C203  −268(3)   6327(3) 2272(3)   67.2(1.0) C204  759(3) 6128(2) 1853(2)59.3(8) C205  864(2) 4994(2) 2536(2) 46.1(7) C207 2682(2) 4627(2)1661(2) 45.4(7) C210 2938(3) 2641(2) 2045(3) 55.0(8) C211 3879(2)1845(2) 2230(2) 49.8(7) C212 4781(2) 2186.1(1.9) 1187(2) 42.5(6) C2135249(3) 3378(7)  859(3) 56.2(8) C214 4284(3) 4147(2)  657(3) 61.9(9)C215 5749(2) 1400(2) 1260(2) 42.3(6) C217 6368(3) 1120(2) 2201(3)60.0(8) C221 6430(3)  −520(2)    918(2) 51.9(7) C222 7019(3)  −309(2)   −124(2)   63.8(9) C225 6997(3) −1390(2)   1640(2) 52.4(8) C226 6710(3)−1982(3)   2870(2) 65.8(9) C229 8697(4) −1115(3)    −866(3)   101.2(1.5) C303 −6106(3)   13417(2)  4960(3) 63.8(9) C304 −5195(3)  13126(3)  4440(3) 64.0(9) C305 −4863(2)   12164(2)  5272(2) 45.6(7) C307−3072(2)   11808(2)  4352(2) 43.1(7) C310 −2102(3)   10165(2)  5446(2)58.7(9) C311 −1392(3)   9265(2) 5259(2) 56.7(8) C319  −274(2)   9779(2)4478(2) 50.7(7) C313  −544(3)   10601(2)  3394(2) 53.9(8) C314−1201(2)   11516(2)  3563(2) 52.2(8) C315  626(2) 8963(2) 4405(2)49.8(8) C317 1016(3) 8316(3) 5470(3)   60(1) C321 1367(2) 7248(2)3761(2) 47.8(7) C322 2297(3) 7589(2) 2903(2) 49.6(7) C325 1597(2)6143(2) 4445(2) 50.5(8) C326  928(3) 5334(3) 5505(3)   73.3(1.1) C3294057(3) 6718(3) 2428(3) 66.3(9) C331  1288(17)  8043(15)  4920(20)  60(1) C403 5844(4) −2278(3)   −1304(3)     85.9(1.2) C404 4834(3)−2031(3)    −873(3)     69.5(1.0) C405 4767(3)  −894(2)   −1568(2)  48.4(7) C407 3088(3)  −397(2)    −617(2)   48.5(7) C410 1704(4)  317(3) 388(3)   90.2(1.3) C411  727(4) 1073(3)  246(3)   99.4(1.4) C4121142(3) 2274(2)  −478(2)   58.1(8) C413 1756(3) 2340(3) −1553(3)    78.9(1.2) C414 2734(8) 1606(3) −1409(8)     82.1(1.2) C415  160(3)3065(2)  −558(2)   54.9(8) C417 −1020(3)   2560(3)  −281(5)   109.2(1.4) C421  −809(2)   4595(2)  322(2) 44.0(7) C422 −1532(3)  4438(2) 1278(2) 50.0(8) C425 −1173(3)   5535(2)  −498(2)   52.0(8) C426 −735(3)   6094(3) −1715(3)     66.4(1.0) C429 −3198(3)   5428(3)1769(3)   74.4(1.1) F116 5194(2) 5168.2(1.7) 7907.4(1.5) 82.1(7) F1273996(2) 9798.9(1.8) 4852(2)  114.5(1.0) F128 5508(2) 8963(2) 5149(3) 136.7(1.3) F130  5618(15) 6187(9) 7265(9) 82.1(7) F216 6530.0(1.4)1874.0(1.3)  267.2(1.3) 61.3(5) F227 7111(3) −2978.9(1.8)   3197.2(1.8)123.7(1.1) F228 7163(3) −1406(2)   3331.5(1.8) 106.9(9)  F3161570.6(1.5) 9575.2(1.3) 3602.9(1.7) 71.4(6) F327 1236(3) 4308(2) 5743(3)  92.4(1.1) F323  931(3) 5670(2) 6295.5(1.9)  105.5(1.1) F330  48(6)4990(5) 5528(6)  116(2) F416  310(2) 3914.7(1.7) −1626.7(1.4)   97.8(7)F427  −757(4)   7166(2) −2080(2)    163.5(1.5) F428 −1351(3)   5777(4)−2263(2)    147.6(1.4) N101 11243(2)  2246(2) 4686(2) 62.7(7) N1069585(2) 2549.4(1.7) 5658.6(1.8) 50.6(6) N109 7910(2) 2985.5(1.8)6534.6(1.9) 55.0(7) N123 2693.8(1.9) 7384.3(1.8) 7779.9(1.8) 51.9(6)N124 3149(2) 8320.8(1.7) 6889.4(1.8) 49.8(6) N201  −43(2)   4559(2)3320(2) 65.3(8) N206 1743(2) 4311.8(1.7) 2498.4(1.8) 52.1(6) N2093372(2) 3809.6(1.7) 1634.1(1.8) 50.2(6) N223 7848(3) −1006.2(1.9)    9(2) 68.3(8) N224 7859(2) −1670.1(1.9)   1077(2) 60.6(7) N301−5552(2)   11892.3(1.9)  6213(2) 59.5(7) N306 −3960(2)   11503.8(1.7) 5237.8(1.8) 47.4(6) N309 −2233.2(1.9)   11086.6(1.6)  4421.9(1.7)45.4(6) N323 2983(2) 6756.8(1.7) 3085.8(1.8) 48.7(6) N324 2565(2)5847.0(1.8) 4020.9(1.9) 51.8(6) N401 5658(2)  −504(2)   −2362(2)  69.6(8) N406 3920(2)  −181.4(1.7)   −1537.5(1.7)   48.9(6) N409 2407(2) 454.5(1.7)  −654.3(1.7)   47.8(6) N423 −2277(2)   5224.0(1.8) 1022(2)55.5(7) N424 −2082(2)   5913(2)  −66(2)   59.9(7) O102 12118.0(1.7) 1518.2(1.6) 4896.1(1.8) 65.8(6) O108 8878(2) 1525.3(1.8) 7484.1(1.8)75.2(7) O119 4815(2) 6498.5(1.8) 4976.1(1.7) 66.5(6) O120 3675(2)4937.8(1.8) 6513(2) 79.6(7) O202  −784.3(1.9)   5428.7(1.7) 3136.4(1.9)71.8(7) O208 2905(2) 5604.7(1.5) 1018.8(1.7) 63.7(6) O219 4677(2) 491(2)  266(2) 100.8(7)  O220 4611(2)  −580.8(1.7)   2279(2) 81.4(8)O302 −6359.9(1.9)   12704.4(1.6)  6010.9(1.7) 67.9(7) O308−3055.1(1.8)   12696.2(1.5)  3523.9(1.5) 57.0(6) O319  11(2) 8654.2(1.7)2753.4(1.7) 66.5(6) O320 −706.5(1.7) 7270.1(1.7) 4662.3(1.9) 65.4(7)O402 6347(2) −1418(2)   −2188(2)   94.3(9) O408 2945(2) −1305.1(1.6)   184.3(1.7) 70.1(7) O419 1353.3(1.9) 4558.1(1.7)  −288(2)   74.7(8) O420 346.6(1.9) 3001.6(1.7) 1364.7(1.6) 62.5(6) S118 4411.3(6)   5904.4(5)  6122.6(6)    53.9(18) S218 5223.3(6)   131.2(5)  1201.3(6)   58.02(18)S318 189.4(6)  8002.7(5)   3840.3(5)   48.79(17) S418 375.2(5) 3822.5(5)   266.4(5)  44.68(16)

TABLE 6.2 Bond lengths (Ångstrom) Bond Length (Å) C103-C104 1.348(4)C104-C105 1.426(4) C105-N106 1.377(4) C107-N109 1.353(4) C107-O1081.224(3) C110-C111 1.504(5) C111-C112 1.520(4) C112-C113 1.511(4)C112-C115 1.536(4) C113-C114 1.512(4) C115-C117 1.533(5) C115-F1161.388(3) C115-F130  1.306(12) C115-S118 1.837(4) C121-C122 1.361(4)C121-C125 1.404(4) C122-N123 1.342(4) C125-C126 1.496(4) C126-F1271.338(4) C126-F128 1.323(5) C203-C204 1.329(5) C204-C205 1.415(4)C205-N206 1.382(4) C207-N209 1.359(3) C207-O208 1.222(3) C210-C2111.509(4) C211-C212 1.520(3) C212-C213 1.535(4) C212-C215 1.531(3)C213-C214 1.510(4) C215-C217 1.491(4) C215-F216 1.396(3) C215-S2181.838(3) C221-C222 1.376(4) C221-C225 1.415(4) C222-N223 1.327(4)C225-C226 1.490(4) C226-F227 1.317(4) C226-F228 1.337(5) C303-C3041.332(5) C304-C305 1.410(4) C305-N306 1.384(3) C307-N309 1.361(3)C307-O308 1.238(3) C310-C311 1.533(4) C311-C312 1.517(4) C312-C3131.502(4) C312-C315 1.533(4) C313-C314 1.509(4) C315-C317 1.488(4)C315-C331  1.432(15) C315-F316 1.405(3) C315-S318 1.852(3) C321-C3221.384(4) C321-C325 1.421(4) C322-N32$ 1.327(4) C325-C326 1.480(4)C328-F327 1.320(4) C328-F328 1.318(5) C326-F330 1.140(8) C403-C4041.343(5) C404-C405 1.415(4) C405-N406 1.379(4) C407-N409 1.370(4)C407-O408 1.215(3) C410-C411 1.510(5) C411-C412 1.513(5) C412-C4131.477(5) C412-C415 1.547(4) C413-C414 1.494(5) C415-C417 1.484(5)C415-F418 1.395(3) C415-S418 1.831(3) C421-C422 1.361(4) C421-C4251.403(4) C422-N423 1.331(4) C425-C426 1.492(4) C428-F427 1.296(4)C426-F428 1.311(6) F327-F330 1.671(8) N101-C105 1.303(4) N101-O1021.394(3) N106-C107 1.386(3) N109-C110 1.456(4) N109-C114 1.459(4)N123-C129 1.455(4) N123-N124 1.354(3) N124-C125 1.319(4) N201-C2051.319(3) N201-O202 1.406(3) N206-C207 1.376(3) N209-C210 1.476(3)N209-C214 1.467(3) N223-C229 1.473(5) N223-N224 1.343(3) N224-C2251.315(4) N301-C305 1.300(3) N301-O302 1.406(3) N306-C307 1.375(3)N309-C310 1.447(3) N309-C314 1.471(3) N323-C329 1.441(4) N323-N3241.353(3) N324-C325 1.327(4) N401-C405 1.307(4) N401-O402 1.413(3)N406-C407 1.378(3) N409-C410 1.451(4) N409-C414 1.450(4) N423-C4291.460(4) N423-N424 1.348(3) N424-C425 1.333(4) O102-C103 1.325(4)O282-C203 1.332(4) O302-C303 1.328(4) O402-C403 1.312(4) S118-C1211.747(3) S118-O119 1.410(2) S118-O120 1.414(2) S218-C221 1.735(3)S218-O219 1.422(3) S218-O220 1.433(2) S318-C321 1.726(3) S318-O3191.412(2) S318-O320 1.428(2) S418-C421 1.741(3) S418-O419 1.412(2)S418-O420 1.4231(19)

TABLE 6.3 Bond angles (°) Atoms Angle (°) C103-C104-C105 104.0(3)C103-O102-N101 108.8(2) C105-N101-O102 106.3(2) C105-N108-C187 123.2(2)C107-N109-C110 117.3(2) C107-N109-C114 126.6(2) C110-C111-C112 110.7(3)C110-N108-C114 112.8(2) C111-C112-C115 111.6(3) C112-C113-C114 111.7(2)C112-C115-S118 109.2(2) C113-C112-C111 109.4(3) C113-C112-C115 113.4(2)C117-C115-C112 117.3(3) C117-C115-S118 109.5(2) C121-C125-C126 128.6(3)C121-S118-C115 104.25(15) C122-C121-C125 104.5(3) C122-C121-S118124.3(2) C122-N123-C129 128.7(2) C122-N123-N124 111.0(2) C125-C121-S118131.2(2) C125-N124-N123 105.4(2) C203-C204-C205 103.3(2) C203-O202-N201108.0(2) C204-C203-O202 112.0(3) C205-N201-O202 104.7(2) C207-N205-C205123.5(2) C207-N209-C210 122.3(2) C207-N209-C214 115.0(2) C210-C211-C212110.7(2) C211-C212-C213 108.5(2) C211-C212-C215 115.20(19)C212-C215-S218 109.47(18) C214-C213-C212 109.2(2) C214-N209-C210112.8(2) C215-C212-C213 111.1(2) C217-C215-C212 117.2(2) C217-C215-S218111.00(18) C221-C225-C228 128.4(3) C221-S218-C215 105.78(13)C222-C221-C225 104.5(3) C222-C221-S218 125.1(2) C222-N223-C220 127.2(3)C222-N223-N224 113.0(2) C225-C221-S218 130.4(2) C225-N224-N223 105.2(2)C303-C304-C305 104.3(3) C303-O302-N301 108.3(2) C305-N301-O302 105.5(2)C307-N306-C305 122.9(2) C307-N309-C310 123.1(2) C307-N309-C314115.91(18) C310-N309-C314 116.4(2) C311-C312-C315 116.0(2)C312-C311-C310 110.4(2) C312-C313-C314 109.8(3) C312-C315-S318 113.7(2)C313-C312-C311 108.0(2) C313-C312-C315 115.9(2) C317-C315-C312 113.5(3)C317-C315-S318 109.8(2) C321-C325-C326 129.6(3) C321-S318-C315104.53(14) C322-C321-C325 103.2(2) C322-C321-S318 125.47(19)C322-N323-C329 128.7(2) C322-N323-N324 112.2(2) C325-C321-S318 131.1(2)C325-N324-N323 105.0(2) C326-F327-F330  42.8(3) C328-F330-F327  51.9(4)C331-C315-C312  150.7(11) C331-C315-C317  38.2(12) C331-C315-S318 80.4(12) C403-C404-C405 103.4(3) C403-O402-N401 108.7(2) C405-N401-O402104.6(2) C407-N406-C405 123.0(2) C407-N409-C410 115.9(2) C407-N409-C414122.6(2) C410-C411-C412 111.3(3) C411-C412-C415 111.6(3) C412-C413-C414111.4(3) C412-C415-S418 107.0(2) C413-C412-C411 108.1(3) C413-C412-C415114.7(2) C414-N400-C410 113.8(3) C417-C415-C412 117.0(3) C417-C415-S418112.6(3) C421-C425-C426 130.2(3) C421-S418-C415 107.68(14:C422-C421-C425 105.1(2) C422-C421-S418 123.6(2) C422-N423-C429 128.0(2)C422-N423-N424 112.4(2) C425-C421-S418 131.0(2) C425-N424-N423 104.7(2)F115-C115-C112 109.1(2) F116-C115-C117 107.9(3) F116-C115-S118 102.8(2)F127-C126-C125 110.7(3) F128-C125-C125 111.2(3) F128-C126-F127 105.0(3)F130-C115-C112 151.1(8) F130-C115-C117  54.2(7) F130-C115-F118  58.2(5)F130-C115-S118  99.3(8) F216-C215-C212 107.47(18) F216-C215-C217109.0(2) F215-C215-S218 101.48(17) F227-C226-C225 109.7(3)F227-C226-F228 109.5(3) F228-C226-C225 110.2(3) F316-C315-C312 108.1(2)F316-C315-C317 108.8(2) F316-C315-C331  92.7(9) F315-C315-S318 102.3(2)F327-C326-C325 111.8(3) F378-C326-C325 110.6(3) F328-C326-F327 114.9(3)F330-C326-C325 119.9(5) F330-C326-F327  85.2(5) F330-C326-F328 112.3(5)F416-C415-C412 109.4(2) F416-C415-C417 107.8(3) F415-C415-S418 102.1(2)F427-C426-C425 111.1(3) F427-C426-F428 107.6(4) F428-C426-C425 111.4(3)N101-C105-C104 110.5(2) N101-C108-N106 118.7(2) N106-C105-C104 130.7(2)N109-C107-N106 116.8(2) N109-C110-C111 111.4(2) N109-C114-C113 111.8(3)N123-C122-C121 107.9(2) N124-C125-C121 111.1(2) N124-C125-C126 120.1(2)N124-N123-C129 120.2(2) N201-C205-C204 111.9(2) N201-C205-N206 117.7(2)N206-C205-C204 130.4(2) N209-C207-N206 116.5(2) N209-C210-C211 112.5(2)N209-C214-C213 111.9(2) N223-C222-C221 106.6(3) N224-C225-C221 110.7(2)N224-C225-C226 120.8(3) N224-N223-C229 119.8(3) N301-C305-C304 111.1(2)N301-C305-N308 117.8(2) N308-C305-C304 131.1(2) N309-C307-N306 117.2(2)N309-C310-C311 112.7(2) N309-C314-C313 112.6(2) N323-C322-C321 108.2(2)N324-C325-C321 111.4(2) N374-C325-C326 118.9(2) N324-N323-C329 119.1(2)N401-C405-C404 111.9(3) N401-C405-N406 117.9(2) N406-C405-C404 130.2(3)N409-C407-N406 116.2(2) N409-C410-C411 113.1(3) N409-C414-C413 113.4(3)N423-C422-C421 107.2(2) N424-C425-C421 110.6(2) N424-C425-C426 119.1(3)N424-N423-C429 119.5(2) O102-C103-C104 110.4(3) O108-C107-N106 121.0(3)O108-C107-N109 122.2(2) O119-S118-C115 107.52(14) O119-S118-C121109.34(13) O119-S118-O120 119.64(17) O120-S118-C115 107.15(15)O120-S118-C121 107.86(14) O208-C207-N206 120.9(2) O208-C207-N200122.5(2) O219-S218-C215 106.31(13) O219-S218-C221 107.44(16)O219-S218-O220 120.37(17) O220-S218-C215 108.06(14) O220-S218-C221108.01(13) O302-C303-C304 110.8(3) O308-C307-N306 120.8(2)O308-C307-N309 122.0(2) O319-S318-C315 107.69(13) O319-S318-C321108.22(13) O319-S318-O320 120.68(15) O320-S318-C315 106.01(14)O320-S318-C321 108.57(12) O402-C403-C404 111.4(3) O408-C407-N408121.7(3) O408-C407-N409 122.1(2) O419-S418-C415 107.83(15)O419-S418-C421 109.03(13) O419-S418-O420 119.38(16) O420-S418-C415106.15(13) O420-S418-C421 106.25(12)

TABLE 6.4 Hydrogen coordinates (×10⁴) and isotropic displacementsparameters (Å × 10²) Label x y z U(eq) H10B 12404.0 262.0 6311.0 74.0H10C 10589.0 668.0 7235.0 70.0 H10D 9471.0 3098.0 5041.0 61.0 H11A7268.0 2146.0 8160.0 81.0 H11B 6358.0 2264.0 7379.0 81.0 H11C 7160.04021.0. 7833.0 87.0 H11D 5905.0 3416.0 8294.0 87.0 H11E 5522.0 4103.06488.0 68.0 H11F 7734.0 5225.0 5739.0 72.0 H11G 6834.0 5290.0 4964.072.0 H11H 6996.0 3427.0 5311.0 77.0 H11I 8254.0 4021.0 4911.0 77.0 H11J7028.0 6357.0 6929.0 121.0 H11K 6040.0 7148.0 6455.0 121.0 H11L 6883.06722.0 5673.0 121.0 H12A 1732.0 6717.0 9302.0 114.0 H12B 2784.0 5724.08139.0 69.0 H12C 1196.0 7760.0 8440.0 114.0 H12D 4372.0 8534.0 4533.083.0 H12E 2248.0 7953.0 8948.0 114.0 H20B −594.0 7026.0 1990.0 81.0 H20C1293.0 6627.0 1240.0 71.0 H20D 1699.0 3640.0 3039.0 62.0 H21A 2520.02569.0 1503.0 66.0 H21B 2394.0 2436.0 2750.0 66.0 H21C 3555.0 1083.02443.0 60.0 H21D 4234.0 1837.0 2844.0 60.0 H21E 4390.0 2205.0 583.0 51.0H21F 5604.0 3406.0 1459.0 67.0 H21G 5839.0 3618.0 180.0 67.0 H21H 4583.04914.0 456.0 74.0 H21I 3966.0 4150.0 26.0 74.0 H21J 6663.0 1808.0 2199.090.0 H21K 7004.0 666.0 2123.0 90.0 H21L 5844.0 703.0 2901.0 90.0 H22A8634.0 −514.0 −1584.0 152.0 H22B 6863.0 232.0 −806.0 77.0 H22C 8557.0−1835.0 −882.0 152.0 H22D 5862.0 −2060.0 3108.0 79.0 H22E 9465.0 −1068.0−715.0 152.0 H30B −6518.0 14052.0 4621.0 77.0 H30C −4848.0 13484.03682.0 77.0 H30D −3954.0 10861.0 5808.0 57.0 H31A −2866.0 9829.0 5877.070.0 H31B −1730.0 10449.0 5890.0 70.0 H31C −1237.0 8708.0 5976.0 68.0H31D −1827.0 8879.0 4942.0 68.0 H31E 68.0 10238.0 4794.0 61.0 H31F−1002.0 10218.0 3092.0 65.0 H31G 173.0 10923.0 2855.0 65.0 H31H −700.011953.0 3776.0 63.0 H31I −1421.0 12023.0 2856.0 63.0 H31J 1218.0 8824.05779.0 90.0 H31K 1684.0 7919.0 5340.0 90.0 H31L 401.0 7778.0 5992.0 90.0H32A 4189.0 7390.0 1730.0 99.0 H32B 2423.0 8296.0 2288.0 59.0 H32C4037.0 6060.0 2272.0 99.0 H32D 4674.0 6678.0 2835.0 99.0 H33A 2076.08199.0 4517.0 90.0 H33B 963.0 7369.0 4921.0 90.0 H33C 1279.0 7931.05690.0 90.0 H40B 6155.0 −2984.0 −1008.0 103.0 H40C 4294.0 −2506.0 −250.083.0 H40D 3910.0 439.0 −2133.0 59.0 H41A 2187.0 468.0 845.0 108.0 H41B1393.0 −466.0 794.0 108.0 H41C 337.0 1007.0 981.0 119.0 H41D 169.0 838.0−93.0 119.0 H41E 1709.0 2482.0 −118.0 70.0 H41F 2043.0 3120.0 −2036.095.0 H41G 1222.0 2115.0 −1921.0 95.0 H41H 3094.0 1640.0 −2140.0 99.0H41I 3311.0 1895.0 −1128.0 99.0 H41J −1091.0 2161.0 −739.0 164.0 H41K−1560.0 3148.0 −423.0 164.0 H41L −1188.0 2039.0 503.0 164.0 H42A −3935.05259.0 1625.0 112.0 H42B −1509.0 3873.0 1994.0 60.0 H42C −3139.0 6210.01645.0 112.0 H42D 69.0 5899.0 −1870.0 80.0 H42E −3138.0 4951.0 2537.0112.0

TABLE 6.5 Hydrogen bonds with bond lengths (Å) and angles (°) DistanceDistance Distance Angle D----H . . . A (D-H) (H . . . A) (D . . . A)(D-H . . . A) N106-H10D . . . N201 0.8800 2.3000 3.132(3) 157.00N206-H20D . . . N101 0.8800 2.2000 3.047(3) 161.00 N306-H30D . . . N4010.8800 2.3500 3.184(3) 159.00 N406-H40D . . . N301 0.8800 2.25003.101(3) 162.00 C103-H10B . . . N124 0.9500 2.5500 3.431(4) 154.00C104-H10C . . . O108 0.9500 2.3600 2.796(4) 107.00 C110-H11A . . . O1080.9900 2.2700 2.692(5) 104.00 C112-H11E . . . O120 1.0000 2.45003.021(4) 116.00 C113-H11G . . . F227 0.9900 2.5000 3.389(3) 149.00C114-H11I . . . O202 0.9900 2.4400 3.319(4) 148.00 C114-H11I . . . N1060.9900 2.4800 2.867(4) 103.00 C114-H11I . . . N201 0.9900 2.55003.542(4) 177.00 C117-H11J . . . F428 0.9800 2.3500 3.296(5) 163.00C117-H11K . . . F128 0.9800 2.4700 3.269(5) 138.00 C122-H12B . . . O4190.9500 2.4300 3.246(4) 144.00 C126-H12D . . . O119 1.0000 2.58003.157(5) 117.00 C129-H12E . . . O408 0.9800 2.4900 3.434(5) 162.00C203-H20B . . . N224 0.9500 2.6100 3.484(5) 153.00 C204-H20C . . . O2080.9500 2.3800 2.812(4) 107.00 C210-H21B . . . O102 0.9900 2.60003.462(4) 146.00 C210-H21B . . . N206 0.9900 2.4900 2.835(4) 100.00C211-H21C . . . O220 0.9900 2.5900 3.293(4) 128.00 C212-H21E . . . O2191.0000 2.4900 2.998(4) 111.00 C213-H21G . . . F216 0.9900 2.40002.785(4) 102.00 C217-H21J . . . O308 0.9800 2.5800 3.405(4) 141.00C229-H22A . . . O108 0.9800 2.4500 3.256(5) 139.00 C229-H22C . . . F4270.9800 2.5200 3.315(5) 139.00 C226-H22D . . . O119 1.0000 2.56003.226(4) 124.00 C226-H22D . . . O220 1.0000 2.4500 3.109(4) 123.00C303-H30B . . . N324 0.9500 2.4800 3.409(4) 167.00 C304-H30C . . . O3080.9500 2.3800 2.798(4) 106.00 C310-H31A . . . O402 0.9900 2.46003.245(4) 136.00 C310-H31A . . . N401 0.9900 2.5800 3.443(4) 145.00C313-H31F . . . O319 0.9900 2.5500 3.073(4) 113.00 C313-H31G . . . F3160.9900 2.4400 2.848(4) 104.00 C314-H31I . . . O308 0.9900 2.33002.685(3) 100.00 C314-H31I . . . O420 0.9900 2.5700 3.074(3) 111.00C317-H31L . . . F427 0.9800 2.5300 3.352(5) 142.00 C329-H32C . . . O2080.9800 2.5900 3.314(5) 131.00 C404-H40C . . . O408 0.9500 2.41002.817(4) 106.00 C414-H41H . . . O302 0.9900 2.2800 3.156(4) 147.00C414-H41H . . . N301 0.9900 2.4100 3.375(4) 163.00 C422-H42B . . . O3080.9500 2.4900 3.197(3) 131.00 C426-H42D . . . F416 1.000 2.5300 3.091(5)115.00

Representation of the crystal structures are given in FIGS. 8 and 9. Thefigures were generated with the PLATON program (Spek, A. L. J. Appl.Cryst. 2003 36, 7-13).

The I-491 molecule contains a sulfur atom that allows the absoluteconfiguration to be determined, making used of a high resolution datacollection. The Flack×parameter is calculated based on the anomalousscattering method. It gives the absolute structure, providing asufficient estimate standard deviation is reached. According to thetheory, the expected values of the Flack×parameter are 0 for correct(within 3 esd.s) and +1 for inverted absolute structure. The resultsconsidering the configuration C315: R; C215: R; C415: R; C115: R is0.011(14), which unambiguously proved this absolute configuration forI-491 in Form B crystal structure.

A simulated diffraction pattern (FIG. 10) was produced from the roomtemperature experimentally determined crystal structure of Form B. Anexperimental powder diffraction pattern can be compared to thistheoretical pattern to demonstrate the nature of the crystallinestructure. Minor differences (if any) can be explained by preferentialorientations in the powder.

The crystal structure of I-491 Form B was determined by single crystalX-ray diffraction, allowing the generation of a reference powderpattern. Even is the sample used was isolated from twinned crystals, thestructure is of high quality; and thus represent the definitive crystalstructure of Form B.

Example 7. Characterization of Form C

The solid obtained from interconversion slurring between forms (A+εD)and B at 80° C. in Acetonitrile/Water was analyzed by XRPD (acquisitionparameters: type=2Th/Th locked; start=2.00°; end=40.05°; step=0.03°;step time=89. s; temperature=25° C. (room); time started=2749 s;2-Theta=2.00; and operations=Y Scale add 1000). It was found to becrystalline and correspond to form C+traces of A and B.

The DSC thermogram (parameters: equilibrate at 0.00° C., ramp 10.00°C./min to 250.00° C.) shows a first endothermic event at 186° C. (40.7J/g) corresponding to the melting of Form C, followed by a secondendothermic event at 190° C. (31 J/g) corresponding to the melting ofForm A (FIG. 11). A continuous loss of mass of 0.9% is observed betweenroom temperature and 150° C. by TGA (FIG. 11).

Single Crystal

Slow evaporation from MeCN/H₂O mixture affords few crystals suitable forX-rays diffraction studies. [3]

A second single crystal was found in the same preparation and wasselected by observation under a binocular microscope was mounted on thegoniometric head of a Bruker Instrument APEX DUO diffractometer (BrukerAXS (2011). APEX2 suite V 2011.2-0. Madison, Wis., U.S.A.). Intensitieswere also collected at low temperature (T=113 K), with the use of agraphite monochromated Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.54178 Å). Systematicinvestigation of the diffraction nodes indicates that the second crystalbelongs to the monoclinic system, with a primitive Bravais lattice. Theunit cell parameters of the phase termed C are: a (Å)=14.47 b (Å)=17.28c (Å)=16.11 α (°)=90.00 β (°)=109.85 γ (°)=90.00

In view of the number of atoms in the I-491 molecule and of the unitcell volume, it is concluded that this unit cell must contain 8molecules having the formula C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S which is equivalent to acalculated density of 1.527. The number of reflections collected was63621, of which 13312 were unique.

Determination of the space group was achieved unequivocally due to thepresence of a unique systematic extinction along the monoclinic axis.

The crystal structure of Form C was solved by direct methods using theSIR software (Altomare, A.; Cascarano, G.; Giacovazzo, C.; Guagliardi,A.; Burla, M. C.; Polidori, G.; Cavalli, A. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1994,27, 435-436) and refined on F² by full least squares methods withSHELXTL (Sheldrick, G. M. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 2008, A64, 112-122).All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic displacementparameters; a riding model was used for hydrogen atoms. Final agreementvalues are R1=0.0284 (observed reflections) and wR2=0.0847 (all data)for 13312 reflections and 1070 parameters, with a goodness of fit of1.044.

The compound in the crystal structure of Form C (FIG. 12A) crystallizesin the space group P21, the asymmetric unit of the crystal is made up of4 molecules of I-491, thus 8 formulae are present in the unit cell. Noadditional molecule like organic or water is found. The asymmetric cellcontains: 4(C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S). Examination of the molecular structureconfirms that all bond angles and lengths stand in the standard rangevalues. Two molecules showed CF₂ groups that are disordered.

Crystal data, X-rays experimental parameters, and structure refinementsfor Form C are given in Table 7. Table 7.1 lists the positionalparameters for all independent non-hydrogen atoms together with theirequivalent isotropic displacement parameters. Bond lengths and anglesare listed Table 7.2 and 7.3. Hydrogen positions are reported Table 7.4.Table 7.5 lists all the hydrogen bonds.

TABLE 7 Identification code Form C Chemical formula C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 SMolecular weight  435.43 Temperature  113(2) Wavelength   1.54178Crystal system; space group Monoclinic; P 21 Unit cell dimensions a =14.4653(2) Å; α = 90.00° b = 17.2765(2) Å; β = 109.8534(5)° c =16.1121(2) Å; γ = 90.00° Volume 3787.25(8) Å³ Z, Calculated density 8,1.527 Mg/m³ Absorption coefficient   2.112 l/mm F(000) 1808 Theta rangefor data collection 2.92° to 67.38° Limiting indices −17 <= h <= 17; −20<= k <= 20; −17 <= l <= 18 Reflection collected / unique 63621 / 13312[R(int) = 0.0315] Completeness to theta max 99.2% Refinement methodFull-matrix least-square on F² Data / restraints / parameters 13312 /780 / 1070 Goodness of fit on F²   1.044 Final R indices [I > 2sigma(I)] R1 = 0.0284; wR2 = 0.0840 Final R indices [all data] R1 =0.0290; wR2 = 0.0847 Absolute structure parameter   0.031(6) Largestdiff peak and hole   0.393 and −0.312 e/Å³

TABLE 7.1 Atomic coordinates (×10⁴) and equivalent isotropicdisplacements parameters (Å² × 10³) Label x y z U(eq) C103 −1292.1(1.2)6427.4(1.1) −654.8(1.1) 24.1(4) C104 −1022.0(1.2) 6241.9(1.0) 203.2(1.1)22.8(3) C105 −1.0(1.1) 6087.7(9) 443.6(1.1) 17.4(3) C107 427.0(1.1)5716.1(9) 1984.2(1.0) 17.7(3) C110 946.2(1.1) 5441.2(1.0) 3538.5(1.1)21.3(3) C111 1852.9(1.2) 5146.7(1.0) 4264.7(1.1) 21.6(3) C1122642.5(1.1) 5778.6(9) 4553.9(1.0) 18.3(3) C113 2904.2(1.2) 6011.3(1.0)3739.9(1.1) 21.4(3) C114 1985.9(1.2) 6275.9(1.0) 2996.0(1.1) 21.7(3)C115 3517.9(1.2) 5508.5(9) 5350.9(1.1) 18.2(3) C117 4164.3(1.2)4910.4(1.0) 5174.6(1.2) 24.4(3) C121 5028.0(1.1) 6002.4(9) 6926.3(1.0)17.8(3) C122 4782.0(1.2) 5833.2(1.0) 7670.0(1.1) 21.2(3) C1256030.7(1.2) 5806.5(1.0) 7172.6(1.1) 18.7(3) C126 6724.1(1.2) 5850.9(1.1)6648.8(1.1) 24.1(4) C129 5726.4(1.3) 5276.3(1.2) 9158.6(1.1) 27.4(4)C203 11621.6(1.3) 8202.4(1.5) 16717.4(1.2) 37.3(5) C204 11467.9(1.2)8072.3(1.4) 15841.5(1.1) 30.5(4) C205 10465.7(1.1) 8308.1(1.0)15603.2(1.0) 18.0(3) C207 9884.4(1.1) 8091.6(9) 14021.8(1.0) 16.5(3)C210 9128.7(1.1) 7622.8(1.0) 12536.2(1.0) 21.4(3) C211 8438.3(1.1)7923.1(1.1) 11659.1(1.0) 21.6(3) C212 7375.1(1.1) 7955.2(1.0)11667.3(1.0) 16.5(3) C213 7368.2(1.1) 8489.8(1.1) 12419.2(1.0) 21.5(3)C214 8078.9(1.1) 8195.3(1.1) 13298.8(1.0) 21.0(3) C215 6626.7(1.1)8231.3(1.0) 10788(1) 16.8(3) C217 6920.7(1.4) 8916.7(1.1) 10357.9(1.1)27.5(4) C221 5435.4(1.2) 7763.6(1.0) 9080.5(1.0) 21.2(3) C2225690.9(1.1) 8020.2(1.1) 8372.1(1.1) 22.7(3) C225 4431.3(1.1) 7933.9(1.0)8857.7(1.0) 19.9(3) C226 3753.8(1.2) 7806.2(1.1) 9371.4(1.1) 24.5(4)C229 4756.3(1.4) 8640.3(1.3) 6931.3(1.2) 33.5(4) C303 −3766.2(1.1)7826.6(1.0) −5144.7(1.1) 20.4(3) C304 −3394.5(1.1) 7615.0(9)−4256.1(1.1) 19.3(3) C305 −2417.7(1.1) 8086.7(9) −4068.2(1.0) 15.5(3)C307 −1678.8(1.1) 8303.4(1.0) −2494.6(1.0) 19.7(3) C310 −1304.2(1.2)8816.7(1.2) −1027.1(1.1) 25.7(4) C311 −521.7(1.2) 8694.3(1.2)−129.8(1.1) 25.3(4) C312 499.7(1.2) 8883.7(1.0) −172.9(1.0) 16.9(3) C313663.2(1.1) 8344.7(1.0) −851.7(1.0) 21.1(3) C314 −66.3(1.1) 6480.6(1.0)−1760(1) 19.7(3) C315 1329.2(1.2) 6936.6(1.0) 725.6(1.0) 19.9(3) C3171106.2(1.3) 9483.8(1.0) 1366.0(1.1) 25.5(4) C321 2550.6(1.2) 8191.6(1.0)2268.3(1.1) 20.4(3) C322 2323.5(1.1) 8255.3(9) 3053.5(1.1) 16.6(3) C3253575.6(1.2) 8256.6(1.1) 2559.0(1.1) 23.2(3) C326 4255.8(1.4) 8225.0(1.4)2037.0(1.3) 34.9(4) C329 3344.6(1.4) 8421.8(1.2) 4642.3(1.1) 28.9(4)C403 14210.2(1.4) 5776.4(1.6) 11540.8(1.3) 39.0(5) C404 13958.7(1.2)5896.1(1.2) 10670.8(1.2) 27.8(4) C405 12916.7(1.2) 5870.8(1.0)10368.5(1.1) 19.8(3) C407 12504.7(1.2) 5872.2(1.0) 8767.6(1.1) 20.7(3)C410 12034.8(1.3) 5728.5(1.3) 7217.3(1.2) 29.9(4) C411 11182.1(1.3)5316.6(1.2) 6525.7(1.2) 29.2(4) C412 10268.0(1.2) 5834.5(1.0)6257.0(1.1) 21.1(3) C413 10009.5(1.2) 6021.7(1.1) 7060.2(1.1) 24.1(4)C414 10881.7(1.3) 6390.8(1.1) 7797.0(1.1) 25.0(4) C415 9437.1(1.2)5446.1(9) 5498.3(1.1) 19.4(3) C417 6625.9(1.3) 4646.9(1.0) 5746.6(1.3)26.7(4) C421 7916.0(1.3) 5760.7(1.0) 3855.0(1.1) 23.7(3) C4228179.4(1.3) 5528.8(1.0) 3145.1(1.2) 25.0(4) C425 6892.9(1.2) 5644.5(1.0)3592.4(1.1) 23.3(4) C426 6206.4(1.4) 5799.8(1.2) 4092.4(1.2) 30.3(4)C429 7233.5(1.4) 5011.0(1.5) 1646.1(1.2) 36.5(5) F116 3140.8(6)5211.0(6) 5980.8(6) 22.3(2) F127 7031.0(1.1) 5118.5(8) 6555.6(1.1)46.9(4) F128 7549.6(9) 6226.2(1.1) 7122.2(6) 47.8(4) F216 5744.9(7)8404.9(6) 10916.1(6) 25.9(2) F227 3633.1(8) 8485.8(7) 9754.8(7) 32.4(2)F228 2851.6(7) 7606.6(8) 8813.4(8) 36.7(3) F316 2164.3(7) 9201.2(7)569.4(7) 29.7(2) F327 4672.3(1.1) 7615.4(9) 2291.3(1.1) 60.4(4) F3284843.9(9) 8859.1(8) 2219.7(9) 45.5(3) F416 9852.5(7) 5106.7(6) 4916.2(7)25.7(2) F427 5265.4(1.1) 5791.2(1.8) 3554.9(1.0) 67.0(7) F4286291.1(1.1) 5223.1(9) 4678.2(1.0) 40.9(4) F527 5551(6) 6303(8) 3616(6)67.0(7) F528 5661(6) 5154(4) 4146(5) 40.9(4) F627 6386(13) 6152(11)5903(9) 46.9(4) F628 6591(13) 5264(11) 6085(12) 47.8(4) N101 311.4(9)6166.1(9) −230.0(9) 20.5(3) N106 679.2(1.0) 5897.7(8) 1256.8(9) 18.4(3)N109 1204.5(9) 5685.5(8) 2769.0(9) 19.3(3) N123 5603.2(1.0) 5567.0(6)8278.3(9) 19.6(3) N124 6381.9(1.0) 5548.1(9) 7990.8(9) 21.8(3) N20110244.4(1.0) 8539.6(9) 16291.2(9) 24.4(3) N206 9733.9(9) 6314.2(8)14787.8(8) 16.3(3) N209 9073.2(9) 8099.8(8) 13272.3(9) 18.2(3) N2234873.3(1.0) 8310.3(1.0) 7791.6(9) 23.4(3) N224 4091.3(1.0) 8264.3(9)8070.9(9) 23.7(3) N301 −2226.9(9) 6252.7(8) −4793.8(9) 19.1(3) N306−1671.1(9) 8169.4(8) −3265.2(9) 16.8(3) N309 −1086.4(1.0) 8409.2(8)−1740.2(9) 19.5(3) N323 3177(1) 8344.2(8) 3707.7(9) 19.3(3) N3243960.2(1.0) 8348.1(9) 3430.5(9) 23.8(3) N401 12579.6(1.0) 5732.6(1.0)11014.9(1.0) 28.4(3) N406 12246.5(1.0) 5971.9(8) 9529.0(9) 20.5(3) N40911757.3(1.0) 5907.5(9) 7991.4(1.0) 23.6(3) N423 7350(1) 5291.6(9)2527.1(9) 23.8(3) N424 6551.6(1.0) 5355(1) 2779.2(9) 24.7(3) O102−529.6(8) 6392.1(7) −948.1(7) 22.7(2) O106 −419.9(8) 5551.9(7) 1924.9(8)25.1(3) O119 3539.5(9) 6863.0(7) 6131.8(8) 28.1(3) O120 4769.1(9)6639.6(7) 5417.2(8) 27.0(3) O202 11130.4(8) 8479.8(9) 17017.5(8) 30.7(3)O208 10713.3(8) 7939.3(7) 14007.2(7) 21.1(2) O219 7127.9(9) 7168.2(9)9831.7(8) 32.4(3) O220 5803(1) 6847.3(8) 10419.9(8) 32.0(3) O302−3103.3(8) 8079.9(7) −5493.6(7) 21.2(2) O308 −2724.0(8) 8301.4(9)−2496.8(6) 31.1(3) O319 2186.0(1.1) 7564.4(9) 768.3(9) 40.7(4) O320836.2(1.0) 7681.9(8) 1396.4(9) 33.9(3) O402 13415.6(9) 5671.7(1.1)11779.5(9) 41.9(4) O408 13351.4(9) 5710.9(9) 6841.9(8) 30.1(3) O4198066.3(1.2) 6505.0(9) 5262.6(1.0) 46.9(4) O420 9320.3(1.3) 6703.3(9)4561(1) 52.0(5) S116 4221.8(3) 6355.1(2) 5934.7(2) 16.75(6) S2166276.2(3) 7397.4(2) 10036.8(2) 20.93(6) S316 1692.8(3) 7992.5(2)1253.8(3) 23.31(9) S418 8673.2(3) 6207.0(2) 4814.5(3) 28.64(1)

TABLE 7.2 Bong lengths (Å) Bond Length (Å) C103-C104 1.342(3) C104-C1051.419(2) C105-N106 1.385(2) C107-N109 1.379(2) C107-O108 1.229(2)C110-C111 1.519(2) C111-C112 1.534(2) C112-C113 1.537(2) C112-C1151.536(2) C113-C114 1.526(2) C115-C117 1.504(2) C115-F116 1.4027(18)C115-S118 1.8466(16) C121-C122 1.392(2) C121-C125 1.409(2) C122-N1231.339(2) C125-C126 1.516(2) C126-F127 1.366(2) C126-F126 1.345(2)C126-F627 1.246(12) C126-F628 1.331(13) C203-C204 1.347(3) C204-C2051.427(2) C205-N206 1.379(2) C207-N209 1.369(2) C207-O208 1.236(2)C210-C211 1.518(2) C211-C212 1.543(2) C212-C213 1.526(2) C212-C2151.538(2) C213-C214 1.528(2) C215-C217 1.504(2) C215-F216 1.3923(18)C215-S218 1.8385(17) C221-C222 1.387(2) C221-C225 1.404(2) C222-N2231.332(2) C225-C226 1.498(2) C226-F227 1.365(2) C228-F228 1.354(2)C303-C304 1.348(2) C304-C305 1.421(2) C305-N306 1.387(2) C307-N3091.371(2) C307-O308 1.221(2) C310-C311 1.519(2) C311-C312 1.536(2)C312-C313 1.527(2) C312-C315 1.537(2) C313-C314 1.526(2) C315-C3171.515(2) C315-F316 1.3921(19) C315-S318 1.8324(17) C321-C322 1.384(2)C321-C325 1.401(2) C322-N323 1.332(2) C325-C326 1.497(2) C326-F3271.351(3) C326-F328 1.357(3) C403-C404 1.339(3) C404-C405 1.419(2)C405-N406 1.382(2) C407-N409 1.370(2) C407-O408 1.230(2) C410-C4111.527(3) C411-C412 1.530(2) C412-C413 1.530(2) C412-C415 1.546(2)C413-C414 1.530(2) C415-C417 1.498(2) C415-F418 1.4025(19) C415-S4181.8264(17) C421-C422 1.362(3) C421-C425 1.409(2) C422-N423 1.337(2)C425-C426 1.500(2) C426-F427 1.342(2) C426-F428 1.349(3) C426-F5271.322(9) C426-F528 1.369(7) F127-F628 0.85(2) F627-F628 1.57(3)N101-C105 1.317(2) N101-O102 1.4197(16) N106-C107 1.377(2) N109-C1101.473(2) N109-C114 1.473(2) N123-C129 1.456(2) N123-N124 1.356(2)N124-C125 1.319(2) N201-C205 1.316(2) N201-O202 1.4156(17) N206-C2071.379(2) N209-C210 1.469(2) N209-C214 1.463(2) N223-C229 1.455(2)N223-N224 1.3544(19) N224-C225 1.323(2) N301-C305 1.319(2) N301-O3021.4112(16) N306-C307 1.387(2) N309-C310 1.472(2) N309-C314 1.463(2)N323-C329 1.446(2) N323-N324 1.352(2) N324-C325 1.333(2) N401-C4051.313(2) N401-O402 1.4068(18) N406-C407 1.376(2) N409-C410 1.467(2)N409-C414 1.460(2) N423-C429 1.455(2) N423-N424 1.353(2) N424-C4251.331(2) O102-C103 1.340(2) O202-C203 1.339(2) O302-C303 1.341(2)O402-C403 1.342(2) S118-C121 1.7373(16) S118-O119 1.4345(13) S118-O1201.4407(13) S218-C221 1.7277(16) S218-O219 1.4326(13) S218-O2201.4301(14) S318-C321 1.7410(16) S318-O319 1.4309(15) S318-O3201.4385(14) S418-C421 1.7418(18) S418-O419 1.4336(17) S418-O4201.4276(17)

TABLE 7.3 Bond angles (°) Atoms Angle (°) C103-C104-C105 103.77(15)C103-O102-N101 107.76(12) C105-N101-O102 105.12(12) C107-N106-C105123.44(14) C107-N109-C110 114.95(13) C107-N109-C114 121.29(13)C110-C111-C112 110.78(14) C111-C112-C113 107.51(13) C111-C112-C115110.76(13) C112-C115-S118 109.89(11) C113-C112-C115 114.65(13)C114-C113-C112 110.34(13) C114-N109-C110 112.45(13) C117-C115-C112116.71(14) C117-C115-S118 111.24(11) C121-C125-C128 130.04(15)C121-S118-C115 105.81(8) C122-C121-C125 104.29(14) C122-C121-S116125.26(12) C122-N123-C129 127.97(14) C122-N123-N124 113.05(13)C125-C121-S118 130.44(13) C125-N124-N123 104.52(13) C126-F627-F628 54.9(8) C126-F628-F627  50.0(8) C203-C204-C205 102.95(16)C203-O202-N201 107.77(13) C205-N201-O202 105.26(13) C207-N206-C205123.16(13) C207-N209-C210 116.18(13) C207-N209-C214 122.17(13)C210-C211-C212 110.29(13) C212-C213-C214 110.56(13) C212-C215-S218106.26(11) C213-C212-C211 107.66(13) C213-C212-C215 110.57(13)C214-N209-C210 114.26(13) C215-C212-C211 113.27(13) C217-C215-C212116.61(14) C217-C215-S218 111.76(11) C221-C225-C226 129.94(15)C221-S216-C215 104.65(6) C222-C221-C225 105.33(14) C222-C221-S218123.14(12) C222-N223-C229 127.23(15) C222-N223-N224 112.79(14)C225-C221-S218 131.31(13) C225-N224-N223 105.24(13) C303-C304-C305103.44(14) C303-O302-N301 108.05(11) C305-N301-O302 105.24(12)C305-N306-C307 121.10(13) C307-N309-C310 114.85(13) C307-N309-C314121.81(13) C310-C311-C312 110.11(14) C312-C315-S318 113.17(11)C313-C312-C311 107.82(14) C313-C312-C315 116.16(13) C314-C313-C312110.22(13) C314-N309-C310 116.87(13) C315-C312-C311 115.13(13)C317-C315-C312 113.65(13) C317-C315-S318 109.40(11) C321-C325-C326130.57(16) C321-S316-C315 105.52(8) C322-C321-C325 105.23(14)C322-C321-S318 124.12(13) C322-N323-C329 126.04(15) C322-N323-N324113.25(13) C325-C321-S316 130.45(13) C325-N324-N323 104.52(13)C403-C404-C405 103.52(16) C403-O402-N401 107.70(14) C404-C403-O402111.47(16) C405-N401-O402 105.53(13) C407-N406-C405 121.74(14)C407-N409-C410 115.49(14) C407-N409-C414 125.29(14) C410-C411-C412110.04(16) C411-C412-C415 109.63(14) C412-C413-C414 111.14(14)C412-C415-S418 108.25(11) C413-C412-C411 108.66(14) C413-C412-C415115.08(14) C414-N409-C410 113.96(14) C417-C415-C412 117.32(14)C417-C415-S418 111.42(12) C421-C425-C426 129.26(16) C421-S416-C415106.62(8) C442-C421-C425 105.48(15) C422-C421-S418 126.58(14)C422-N423-C429 127.31(15) C422-N423-N424 113.16(14) C425-C421-S418127.55(14) C425-N424-N423 104.89(13) F116-C115-C112 107.64(12)F116-C115-C117 108.44(13) F116-C115-S118 101.79(10) F127-C126-C125108.39(15) F127-F628-C126  74.0(9) F127-F628-F627 119.7(13)F128-C126-C125 109.65(14) F126-C126-F127 104.46(15) F216-C215-C212108.91(12) F216-C215-C217 108.38(14) F216-C215-S218 101.90(10)F227-C226-C225 109.35(15) F226-C226-C225 109.54(14) F226-C226-F227106.07(13) F316-C315-C312 107.27(12) F316-C315-C317 108.52(14)F316-C315-S318 104.27(11) F327-C326-C325 110.51(17) F327-C326-F328105.25(15) F328-C326-C325 109.40(17) F416-C415-C412 108.39(13)F416-C415-C417 108.39(13) F418-C415-S418 101.91(11) F427-C426-C425111.27(15) F427-C426-F428 105.93(19) F427-C426-F526  64.5(4)F426-C426-C425 108.91(15) F428-C426-F528  43.5(3) F527-C426-C425106.3(4) F527-C426-F427  42.5(5) F527-C426-F428 140.2(5) F527-C426-F526105.6(6) F528-C426-C425 111.7(3) F627-C126-C125 116.1(8) F627-C126-F127108.5(8) F627-C126-F128 109.1(10) F627-C126-F628  75.0(13)F628-C126-C125 111.8(7) F626-C126-F127  36.5(9) F626-C126-F126 130.4(7)F626-F127-C126  69.5(10) N101-C105-C104 111.67(14) N101-C105-C106118.16(14) N106-C105-C104 129.95(15) N106-C107-C109 114.83(13)N109-C110-C111 110.19(13) N109-C114-C113 112.18(13) N123-C122-C121106.24(14) N124-C125-C121 111.90(15) N124-C125-C126 116.06(15)N124-N123-C129 116.92(13) N201-C205-C204 112.06(14) N201-C205-N206116.19(14) N206-C205-C204 129.75(15) N209-C207-N206 115.99(13)N209-C210-C211 111.15(14) N209-C214-C213 111.66(13) N223-C222-C221106.06(14) N224-C225-C221 110.55(15) N224-C225-C226 119.51(14)N224-N223-C229 119.97(14) N301-C305-C304 111.92(13) N301-C305-N306117.98(13) N306-C305-C304 130.10(14) N309-C307-N306 116.28(13)N309-C310-C311 112.78(14) N309-C314-C313 111.75(13) N323-C322-C321106.10(14) N324-C325-C321 110.89(15) N324-C325-C326 118.53(15)N324-N323-C329 118.70(14) N401-C405-C404 111.76(15) N401-C405-N406118.25(15) N406-C405-C404 129.99(16) N409-C407-N406 116.51(14)N409-C410-C411 109.38(15) N409-C414-C413 110.89(15) N423-C422-C421105.99(15) N424-C425-C421 110.48(16) N424-C425-C426 120.26(16)N424-N423-C429 119.50(13) O102-C103-C104 111.46(14) O106-C107-N106122.12(14) O108-C107-N109 122.93(15) O119-S118-C115 107.18(7)O119-S118-C121 107.96(7) O119-S118-O120 119.29(6) O120-S118-C115107.43(7) O120-S118-C121 108.39(7) O202-C203-C204 111.95(15)O208-C207-N206 121.72(14) O208-C207-N209 122.15(14) O219-S218-C215107.67(6) O219-S218-C221 107.24(6) O220-S218-C215 107.53(8)O220-S218-C221 109.35(6) O220-S218-O219 119.45(9) O302-C303-C304111.34(14) O308-C307-N306 121.19(14) O308-C307-N309 122.53(15)O319-S318-C315 108.90(6) O319-S318-C321 107.46(6) O319-S318-O320120.73(10) O320-S318-C315 106.22(8) O320-S318-C321 107.06(8)O408-C407-N406 121.57(15) O408-C407-N409 121.77(15) O419-S418-C415107.11(8) O419-S418-C421 106.26(9) O420-S418-C415 106.48(9)O420-S418-C421 106.72(9) O420-S416-O419 120.67(11)

TABLE 7.4 Hydrogen coordinates (×10⁴) and isotropic displacementsparameters (Å × 10²) Label x y z U(eq) H10B −1942.0 6566.0 −1010.0 29.0H10C 1421.0 6219.0 565.0 27.0 H10D 1306.0 5893.0 1312.0 22.0 H11A 445.05027.0 3362.0 26.0 H11B 663.0 5884.0 3760.0 26.0 H11C 2120.0 4691.04049.0 26.0 H11D 1670.0 4982.0 4777.0 26.0 H11E 2345.0 6240.0 4742.022.0 H11F 3393.0 6436.0 3698.0 25.0 H11G 3201.0 5564.0 3539.0 25.0 H11H1736.0 6757.0 3177.0 26.0 H11I 2162.0 6394.0 2467.0 26.0 H11J 4542.05140.0 4817.0 37.0 H11K 3791.0 4473.0 4857.0 37.0 H11L 4654.0 4729.05736.0 37.0 H12A 5116.0 5360.0 9286.0 41.0 H12B 4157.0 5894.0 7733.025.0 H12C 6266.0 5556.0 9594.0 41.0 H12D 6385(18) 5634(15) 7022(17) 29.0H12E 5878.0 4724.0 9188.0 41.0 H20B 12483.0 8108.0 17079.0 45.0 H20C11803.0 7873.0 15473.0 37.0 H20D 9142.0 6468.0 14755.0 20.0 H21A 8953.07082.0 12621.0 26.0 H21B 9611.0 7626.0 12531.0 26.0 H21C 8467.0 7579.011177.0 26.0 H21D 8648.0 8447.0 11548.0 26.0 H21E 7163.0 7424.0 11794.022.0 H21F 6696.0 8515.0 12447.0 26.0 H21G 7561.0 9019.0 12307.0 26.0H21H 8094.0 8568.0 13772.0 25.0 H21I 7841.0 7692.0 13442.0 25.0 H21J7467.0 8771.0 10160.0 41.0 H21K 7126.0 9342.0 10784.0 41.0 H21L 6360.09083.0 9850.0 41.0 H22A 5401.0 8667.0 6862.0 50.0 H22B 6322.0 7994.08313.0 27.0 H22C 4454.0 9154.0 6884.0 50.0 H22D 4019.0 7396.0 9629.029.0 H22E 4334.0 8303.0 6466.0 50.0 H30B −4419.0 7675.0 −5481.0 24.0H30C −3709.0 7662.0 −3852.0 23.0 H30D −1055.0 8162.0 −3244.0 23.0 H31A−1945.0 8637.0 −1006.0 31.0 H31B −1362.0 9380.0 −1160.0 31.0 H31C −537.08150.0 56.0 30.0 H31D −657.0 9031.0 312.0 30.0 H31E 441.0 9414.0 −434.023.0 H31F 1347.0 8441.0 −878.0 25.0 H31G 653.0 7800.0 −673.0 25.0 H31H4.0 9005.0 −1970.0 24.0 H31I 10.0 8100.0 −2182.0 24.0 H31J 666.0 9228.01630.0 38.0 H31K 786.0 9951.0 1055.0 38.0 H31L 1720.0 9626.0 1635.0 38.0H32A 3770.0 8869.0 4876.0 43.0 H32B 1688.0 8239.0 3102.0 22.0 H32C3662.0 7952.0 4950.0 43.0 H32D 3874.0 8196.0 1391.0 42.0 H32E 2715.08497.0 4734.0 43.0 H40B 14868.0 5767.0 11939.0 47.0 H40C 14378.0 5976.010336.0 33.0 H40D 11639.0 6103.0 9466.0 25.0 H41A 12623.0 5392.0 7392.036.0 H41B 12197.0 6212.0 6967.0 36.0 H41C 11038.0 4825.0 6770.0 35.0H41D 11365.0 5199.0 6001.0 35.0 H41E 10441.0 6332.0 6027.0 25.0 H41F9616.0 5540.0 7311.0 29.0 H41G 9443.0 6381.0 6921.0 29.0 H41H 11016.06907.0 7597.0 30.0 H41I 10716.0 6461.0 6340.0 30.0 H41J 8442.0 5096.06070.0 40.0 H41K 9256.0 4454.0 6119.0 40.0 H41L 8379.0 4606.0 5210.040.0 H42A 7870.0 5025.0 1556.0 55.0 H42B 8819.0 5536.0 3104.0 30.0 H42C6764.0 5341.0 1207.0 55.0 H42D 6367.0 6308.0 4405.0 36.0 H42E 6968.04478.0 1582.0 55.0

TABLE 7.5 Hydrogen bonds with bond lengths (Ångstrom) and angles(degrees °) Dis- Dis- tance tance Distance Angle D - - - H . . . A (D-H)(H . . . A) (D . . . A) (D-H . . . A) N106-H10D . . . N401 0.8800 2.07002.919(2) 161.00 N206-H20D . . . N301 0.8800 2.3600 3.135(2) 147.00N306-H30D . . . N201 0.8800 2.3300 3.146(2) 154.00 N406-H40D . . . N1010.8800 2.1400 2.973(2) 158.00 C103-H10B . . . O219 0.9500 2.44002.948(2) 113.00 C104-H10C . . . O108 0.9500 2.4600 2.870(2) 106.00C111-H11D . . . F116 0.9900 2.3800 2.7622(19) 102.00 C112-H11E . . .O119 1.0000 2.5600 3.069(2) 112.00 C114-H11I . . . N106 0.9900 2.51002.873(2) 101.00 C129-H12A . . . O408 0.9800 2.4600 3.361(2) 152.00C122-H12B . . . O406 0.9500 2.4600 3.246(2) 140.00 C203-H20B . . . N2240.9500 2.3500 3.269(2) 163.00 C240-H20C . . . O208 0.9500 2.36002.791(2) 107.00 C210-H21B . . . O206 0.9900 2.3500 2.7350(19) 102.00C211-H21C . . . O219 0.9900 2.4700 3.189(2) 129.00 C213-H21F . . . F2160.9900 2.3900 2.7455(16) 100.00 C214-H21H . . . O302 0.9900 2.55003.002(2) 108.00 C214-H21H . . . N301 0.9900 2.5700 3.253(2) 126.00C217-H21K . . . O408 0.9800 2.5900 3.431(2) 144.00 C222-H22B . . . O3080.9500 2.2600 3.104(2) 147.00 C304-H30C . . . O308 0.9500 2.43002.795(2) 103.00 C310-H31A . . . O308 0.9900 2.3500 2.706(2) 100.00C311-H31C . . . O320 0.9900 2.5200 3.112(2) 118.00 C314-H31I . . . O2020.9900 2.4600 3.055(2) 117.00 C317-H31K . . . O102 0.9800 2.51003.412(2) 152.00 C329-H32A . . . F426 0.9800 2.4600 3.282(3) 142.00C322-H32B . . . O208 0.9500 2.4000 3.243(2) 147.00 C326-H32D . . . O3191.0000 2.5500 3.206(3) 123.00 C403-H40B . . . F427 0.9500 2.47003.082(2) 122.00 C403-H40B . . . N424 0.9500 2.4600 3.375(3) 163.00C404-H40C . . . O220 0.9500 2.5200 3.273(2) 137.00 C404-H40C . . . O4080.9500 2.4100 2.793(2) 104.00 C410-H41A . . . O408 0.9900 2.28002.663(2) 102.00 C411-H41D . . . F418 0.9900 2.3000 2.678(2) 102.00C412-H41E . . . O420 1.0000 2.4500 3.009(2) 114.00 C414-H41I . . . O1020.9900 2.4500 3.326(2) 148.00 C414-H41I . . . N101 0.9900 2.61003.566(2) 162.00 C414-H41I . . . N406 0.9900 2.6300 2.910(2) 102.00C417-H41J . . . F127 0.9800 2.4200 3.311(3) 151.00 C429-H42A . . . O1080.9800 2.5100 3.400(2) 151.00 C422-H42B . . . O108 0.9500 2.50003.268(2) 138.00 C426-H42D . . . O419 1.0000 2.4100 2.983(3) 116.00

Representation of the crystal structures are given in FIG. 12A and FIG.12B; the figures were generated with the PLATON program (Spek, A. L. J.Appl. Cryst. 2003 36, 7-13) for both structures.

The I-491 molecule contains a sulfur atom that allows the absoluteconfiguration to be determined, making used of a high resolution datacollection (performed at low temperature). The Flack×parameter iscalculated based on the anomalous scattering method. It gives theabsolute structure, providing a sufficient estimate standard deviationis reached. According to the theory, the expected values of theFlack×parameter are 0 for correct (within 3 esd.s) and +1 for invertedabsolute structure (Flack, H. D., Bernadinelli, G. Acta. Cryst. 1999Å55, 908-915). The results are the following: Considering theconfiguration C115: R; C415: R; C215: R; C315: R; the Flack parameter is0.031(6), which unambiguously proved this absolute configuration forI-491 Form C.

Simulated diffraction patterns were produced from the low temperatureexperimentally determined crystal structure of Form C (FIG. 13). Anexperimental powder diffraction pattern can be compared to one of thesetheoretical patterns to demonstrate the nature of the crystallinestructure. Minor differences (if any) can be explained by preferentialorientations in the powder.

The polymorphic crystal structures of I-491 Form C was determined bysingle crystal X-ray diffraction, allowing the generation of a referencepowder pattern. Form C was fully characterized by this work.

Example 8. Characterization of Form D

Slow evaporation from MeCN/H₂O mixture afforded crystals suitable forX-ray diffraction studies.

A single crystal selected by observation under a binocular microscopewas mounted on the goniometric head of a Bruker Instrument APEX DUOdiffractometer (Bruker AXS (2011). APEX2 suite V 2011.2-0. Madison,Wis., U.S.A.). Intensities were collected at low temperature (T=113 K),with the use of a graphite monochromated Cu Kα radiation (λ=1.54178 Å).Systematic investigation of the diffraction nodes indicates that thefirst crystal belongs to the triclinic system, with a primitive Bravaislattice. The unit cell parameters of the phase termed D are: a (Å)=9.78,b (Å)=13.86, c (Å)=16.11, α (°)=65.39, β (°)=84.54, γ (°)=72.42.

In view of the number of atoms in the I-491 molecule and of the unitcell volume, it is concluded that this unit cell must contain 4molecules having the formula C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S which is equivalent to acalculated density of 1.522. The number of reflections collected was27364, of which 11440 were unique.

Based on the statistical distribution of the intensities, anon-centrosymmetric structure is deduced.

The crystal structure of Form D was solved by direct methods using theSIR software (Altomare, A.; Cascarano, G.; Giacovazzo, C.; Guagliardi,A.; Burla, M. C.; Polidori, G.; Cavalli, A. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 1994,27, 435-436) and refined on F² by full least squares methods withSHELXTL (Sheldrick, G. M. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A 2008, A64, 112-122).All non-hydrogen atoms were refined with anisotropic displacementparameters, a riding model was used for hydrogen atoms. Final agreementvalues are R1=0.0430 (observed reflections) and wR2=0.1179 (all data)for 11440 reflections and 1045 parameters, with a goodness of fit of1.071.

The compound in the crystal structure of Form D (FIG. 14 and FIG. 15)crystallizes in the space group P1, the asymmetric unit of the crystalis made up of 4 molecules of I-491, thus 4 formulae are present in theunit cell. No additional molecule like organic or water is found. Theasymmetric cell contains: 4(C16 H20 F3 N5 O4 S). Examination of themolecular structure confirms that all bond angles and lengths stand inthe standard range values. A piperidine group is disordered in the solidstate.

Crystal data, X-rays experimental parameters and structure refinementsfor Form D are given in Table 8. Table 8.1 lists the positionalparameters for all independent non-hydrogen atoms together with theirequivalent isotropic displacement parameters. Bond lengths and anglesare listed Table 8.2 and 8.3. Hydrogen positions are reported Table 8.4.Table 8.5 lists all the hydrogen bonds.

TABLE 8 Identification code Form D Chemical formula C16 H17.75 F3 N5 O4S Molecular weight  433.16 Temperature  113(2) Wavelength   1.54178Crystal system; space group Triclinic; P 1 Unit cell dimensions a =9.7779(2) Å; α = 65.3922(8)° b = 13.8626(2) Å; β = 84.5393(9)° c =16.1058(2) Å; γ = 72.4184(8)° Volume 1890.93(5) Å³ Z, Calculated density4, 1.522 Mg/m³ Absorption coefficient 2.114 l/mm F(000)  895 Theta rangefor data collection 3.02° to 68.04° Limiting indices −11 <= h <= 11; −16<= k <= 16; −19 <= l <= 18 Reflection collected / unique 67364 / 11440[R(int) = 0.0446] Completeness to theta max 96.5% Refinement methodFull-matrix least-square on F² Data / restraints / parameters 11440 /826 / 1045 Goodness of fit on F²   1.071 Final R indices [I > 2sigma(I)] R1 = 0.0430; wR2 = 0.1139 Final R indices [all data] R1 =0.0502; wR2 = 0.1179 Absolute structure parameter   0.003(13) Largestdiff peak and hole   0.499 d −0.442 e/Å³

TABLE 8.1 Atomic coordinates (× 10⁴) and equivalent isotropicdisplacements parameters (Å² × 10³) for Form D. U(eq) is defined as onethird of the trace of the orthogonalized U_(ij) tensor. Label x y zU(eq) C103 −3863(3) 7003(2) −6063.7(1.9) 43.9(8) C104 −3695(3)6566.2(1.8) −5150.7(1.7) 34.3(7) C105 −2331(2) 5755.7(1.6) −4972.6(1.5)24.3(5) C107 −2069(2) 5039.5(1.7) −3320.0(1.6) 24.6(5) C110 −120(3)3295.6(1.8) −2606.6(1.6) 29.1(6) C111 965(3) 2802.9(1.8) −1820.5(1.5)26.4(6) C112 238(2) 2466.1(1.7) −899.0(1.5) 24.3(5) C113 −902(3)3504.6(1.9) −891.5(1.6) 29.8(6) C114 −1980(3) 3992(2) −1683.9(1.7)32.6(7) C115 1340(2) 1900.5(1.7) −103.2(1.6) 26.1(6) C117 1963(3)2651(2) 96.0(1.8) 36.8(7) C121 1986(3) 407.0(1.7) 1727.9(1.6) 25.5(6)C122 2139(2) 813.3(1.8) 2349.2(1.6) 27.0(6) C125 3269(2) −445.6(1.8)1815.5(1.6) 25.0(6) C126 3705(3) −1193.4(1.8) 1321.9(1.8) 32.1(6) C1294057(3) 298(2) 3502.6(1.8) 40.8(7) C203 929(3) 8419(2) −943.0(1.8)39.9(7) C204 1073(3) 8058.5(1.9) −34.3(1.8) 34.0(7) C205 1945(3) 6939(2)241.5(1.7) 32.6(6) C207 1999(2) 6288.8(1.7) 1884.9(1.6) 25.8(6) C2104301(2) 5034.1(1.8) 2727.3(1.6) 26.0(6) C211 4804(2) 3925.3(1.8)3547.0(1.6) 25.6(6) C212 4227(2) 4037.3(1.6) 4439.6(1.5) 20.9(5) C2132581(2) 4471.9(1.8) 4323.4(1.6) 26.0(6) C214 2134(2) 5595.5(1.9)3522.2(1.6) 27.2(6) C215 4705(2) 2968.8(1.7) 5311.3(1.5) 22.7(5) C2174515(2) 1933.4(1.8) 5318.9(1.7) 26.8(6) C221 6913(2) 1784.5(1.7)6737.4(1.6) 25.3(5) C222 6518(3) 1978.3(1.8) 7509.6(1.8) 31.7(6) C2257747(2) 661.4(1.8) 7069.8(1.7) 27.2(6) C226 8429(2) −56.4(1.8)6567.2(1.7) 27.8(6) C229 6965(3) 803(2) 9194.7(1.8) 40.5(7) C303 5978(3)2550(2) 11360.7(1.9) 47.5(9) C304 5780(3) 2864(2) 10469.5(1.9) 41.8(7)C305 4678(3) 3878.1(1.9) 10195.4(1.7) 30.9(6) C307 4144(2) 4267.9(1.8)8632.4(1.6) 26.9(6) C310 3503(3) 4675.5(1.8) 7095.7(1.7) 30.6(6) C3112181(3) 5320.5(1.7) 6475.8(1.6) 28.9(6) C312 2039(2) 6567.5(1.7)6058.3(1.5) 22.7(5) C313 1977(3) 6931.8(1.7) 6849.3(1.6) 25.7(6) C3143293(3) 6231.4(1.7) 7493.4(1.7) 27.5(6) C315 772(2) 7221.0(1.6)5366.7(1.5) 22.8(5) C317 −700(2) 7479.6(1.9) 5742.5(1.7) 29.3(6) C321−182(2) 8986.7(1.7) 3650.6(1.6) 25.1(6) C322 −269(2) 8539.7(1.8)3037.9(1.6) 24.3(6) C325 −1448(3) 9879.0(1.7) 3474.6(1.6) 26.4(6) C326−1966(3) 10868.8(1.8) 3929.1(1.6) 27.4(6) C329 −2093(3) 8996.7(1.9)1836.8(1.7) 28.8(6) C403 11286(3) 1144.5(1.8) 16007.8(1.7) 28.9(6) C40410964(2) 1511.3(1.8) 15120.7(1.7) 25.6(6) C405 10310(2) 2683.4(1.6)14831.8(1.5) 21.5(5) C407 9897(4) 3314(2) 13220(2) 63.7(1.0) C4108567(3) 5287.7(1.9) 12386.8(1.8) 36.8(7) C411 7630(5) 5983(3) 11496(3)38.2(4) C412 8563(5) 6111(3) 10653(3) 38.2(4) C413 9287(5) 4949(3)10683(3) 38.2(4) C414 10252(5) 4260(3) 11546(3) 38.2(4) C415 7655(4)6894(2) 9763(2) 54.6(9) C417 8668(4) 6881(3) 9005(3) 70.4(1.0) C4215429(3) 7781(2) 8400.7(1.9) 34.6(6) C422 5739(3) 7551.1(1.9) 7633.6(1.7)31.2(6) C425 4557(3) 8907(2) 8046.8(1.8) 33.3(6) C426 3883(3) 9619(2)8552(2) 43.9(8) C429 5060(3) 8626(2) 5968.6(1.8) 36.2(7) C511 8505(8)6062(5) 11436(4) 38.2(4) C512 7560(8) 5862(5) 10856(5) 38.2(4) C5138272(8) 4693(5) 10881(4) 38.2(4) C514 8358(8) 3849(5) 11884(4) 38.2(4)F116 2470.4(1.4) 1115.2(1.0) −276.6(9) 32.3(4) F127 4879.7(1.8)−1007.7(1.3) 825.7(1.1) 49.8(4) F128 4122(2) −2264.4(1.2) 1935.5(1.2)60.3(6) F216 3943.6(1.4) 3175.7(1.0) 6036.0(9) 30.1(3) F226 7591.2(1.6)−715.3(1.2) 6639.6(1.1) 44.2(4) F227 9706.5(1.6) −768.9(1.1) 6989.4(1.0)38.8(4) F316 757.2(1.3) 6620.3(9) 4856.6(9) 25.3(3) F327 −3021(2)11554.5(1.2) 3416.8(1.1) 54.5(5) F328 −2627(1.9) 10160.6(1.2)4719.7(1.1) 46.8(4) F416 7327.8(1.9) 7937.5(1.2) 9790.9(1.2) 49.3(5)F427 4512(2) 10442.9(1.5) 8317.3(1.6) 87.2(6) F428 2514(2) 10151.0(1.4)8268.0(1.5) 59.9(5) N101 −1720(2) 5711.2(1.6) −5721.7(1.4) 34.1(6) N106−1609(2) 5017.5(1.3) −4146.2(1.2) 21.7(4) N109 −1273(2) 4227.6(1.4)−2561.8(1.3) 25.8(5) N123 3422(2) 222.4(1.5) 2764.7(1.3) 27.8(5) N1244123(2) −559.6(1.5) 2451.7(1.4) 28.4(5) N201 2283(3) 6686.1(1.8)−454.2(1.5) 44.0(7) N206 2480(2) 6170.9(1.5) 1100.2(1.4) 30.9(5) N2092726(2) 5495.0(1.5) 2681.0(1.3) 24.7(5) N223 7090(2) 1032.2(1.5)8225.7(1.4) 30.2(5) N224 7862(2) 215.9(1.5) 7970.4(1.4) 30.5(5) N3014235(3) 4141.8(1.7) 10886.6(1.5) 40.8(6) N306 4047(2) 4588.3(1.5)9343.9(1.3) 29.1(5) N309 3442(2) 5049.6(1.4) 7828.0(1.3) 26.0(5) N323−1499(2) 9140.2(1.4) 2560.3(1.3) 25.6(5) N324 −2249(2) 9977.0(1.4)2802.3(1.3) 24.5(5) N401 10272(2) 2974.8(1.4) 15513.0(1.3) 26.0(5) N4069775.6(1.9) 3488.9(1.4) 13992.9(1.3) 22.9(4) N409 9317(3) 4180.6(1.9)12424.3(1.7) 56.5(8) N423 5084(2) 8454.4(1.5) 3927.2(1.4) 28.0(5) N4244350(2) 9295.8(1.6) 7159.6(1.5) 32.2(5) O08A 10099(4) 2238(3) 13347(2)38.2(4) O08B 10987(4) 2533(3) 13185(2) 38.2(4) O102 −2713(2) 6533.4(1.5)−6436.5(1.3) 44.8(6) O108 −3126.9(1.8) 5777.4(1.2) −6265.1(1.1) 30.4(4)O119 301.5(1.9) 189.5(1.4) 703.9(1.3) 37.5(5) O120 −550.3(1.9)1725.9(1.5) 1203.8(1.3) 41.3(5) O202 1646(2) 7629.1(1.5) −1236.7(1.3)47.0(6) O208 915.9(1.8) 7030.6(1.3) 1884.3(1.2) 33.0(5) O219 6622.5(1.9)3787.0(1.3) 5591.3(1.4) 42.6(5) O220 7458.7(1.7) 2289.3(1.4) 5033.1(1.2)32.9(5) O302 5080(2) 3281.1(1.5) 11646.7(1.3) 50.0(6) O308 4757.9(1.8)3306.8(1.2) 8735.8(1.2) 31.8(4) O319 2502.7(1.7) 8114.5(1.4) 4127.0(1.3)36.8(5) O320 947.0(1.9) 9255.9(1.3) 4894.3(1.3) 35.5(5) O40210907.0(1.9) 1981.9(1.2) 16278.6(1.1) 31.2(4) O419 6239(4) 5740.3(1.7)9509.1(1.8) 81.2(9) O420 4919(3) 7159(2) 10104.6(1.6) 66.7(7) S118589.2(6) 1019.5(4) 917.6(4) 27.39(14) S218 6563.1(6) 2759.6(4) 5611.5(4)26.51(13) S318 1145.2(5) 8473.1(4) 4491.0(4) 24.67(13) S418 5931.9(9)6818.3(6) 9511.3(5) 49.2(2)

TABLE 8.2 Bond Lengths (Å) Bond Length (Å) C103-C104 1.342(4) C104-C1051.423(3) C105-N106 1.387(3) C107-N109 1.368(3) C107-O108 1.242(3)C110-C111 1.514(3) C111-C112 1.533(3) C112-C113 1.538(3) C112-C1151.528(3) C113-C114 1.518(4) C115-C117 1.532(4) C115-F116 1.397(3)C115-S118 1.837(2) C121-C122 1.375(4) C121-C125 1.410(3) C122-N1231.333(3) C125-C126 1.498(4) C123-F127 1.383(3) C126-F128 1.355(3)C203-C204 1.341(4) C204-C205 1.425(3) C205-N206 1.376(3) C207-N2091.373(3) C207-O208 1.233(3) C210-C211 1.525(3) C211-C212 1.545(3)C212-C213 1.539(3) C212-C215 1.536(3) C213-C214 1.518(3) C215-C2171.497(3) C215-F216 1.408(3) C215-S218 1.830(2) C221-C222 1.376(4)C221-C225 1.413(3) C222-N223 1.335(3) C225-C226 1.502(4) C226-F2271.362(3) C303-C304 1.330(4) C304-C305 1.411(3) C305-N306 1.378(3)C307-N309 1.369(3) C307-O308 1.231(3) C310-C311 1.507(3) C311-C3121.538(3) C312-C313 1.544(4) C312-C315 1.530(3) C313-C314 1.528(3)C315-C317 1.506(3) C315-F31 

1.396(3) C315-S318 1.839(2) C321-C322 1.386(4) C321-C325 1.411(3)C322-N323 1.330(3) C325-C328 1.501(4) C326-F327 1.344(3) C326-F3281.381(3) C403-C404 1.335(4) C404-C405 1.437(3) C405-N406 1.368(3)C407-N409 1.360(4) C410-C411 1.546(5) C410-C511 1.453(7) C411-C4121.539(6) C412-C413 1.533(6) C412-C415 1.544(5) C413-C414 1.527(6)C415-C417 1.501(5) C415-C512 1.762(7) C415-F416 1.402(4) C415-S4181.814(4) C421-C422 1.385(4) C421-C425 1.427(3) C422-N423 1.319(3)C425-C426 1.498(4) C426-F427 1.358(4) C426-F428 1.336(3) C511-C5121.530(10) C512-C513 1.543(9) C513-C514 1.542(8) F226-C226 1.365(3)N101-C105 1.311(3) N101-O102 1.421(3) N106-C107 1.373(3) N109-C1101.458(3) N109-C114 1 465(3) N123-C128 1.446(4) N123-N124 1.356(3)N124-C125 1.312(3) N201-C205 1.309(4) N201-C202 1.416(3) N206-C2071.363(3) N208-C210 1.474(3) M209-C214 1.466(3) N223-C229 1.458(3)N223-N224 1.354(3) N224-C225 1.320(3) N301-C305 1.308(4) N301-O3021.409(3) N306-C307 1.377(3) N309-C310 1.463(3) N309-C314 1.460(3)N323-C329 1.458(3) N323-N324 1.358(3) N324-C325 1.334(3) N401-C4051.312(3) N401-O402 1.420(2) N406-C407 1.353(4) N409-C410 1.466(3)N409-C414 1.592(5) N409-C514 1.612(6) N423-C429 1.463(3) N423-N4241.350(3) N424-C425 1.312(4) O08A-C407 1.373(5) O08B-C407 1.285(5)O102-C103 1.343(3) O202-C203 1.348(4) O302-C303 1.336(3) O402-C4031.344(3) S118-C121 1.734(2) S118-O119 1.437(2) S118-O120 1.4254(19S218-C221 1.741(2) S218-O219 1.430(2) S218-O220 1.437(2) S318-C3211.731(2) S318-O319 1.4313(18 S318-O320 1.440(2) S418-C421 1.733(3)S418-O419 1.434(2) S418-O420 1.425(3)

indicates data missing or illegible when filed

TABLE 8.3 Bond angles (°) Atoms Angle (Å) C103-C104-C105 103.7(2)C103-O102-N101 108.49(19) C104-C103-O102 110.8(2) C105-N101-O102104.47(18) C107-N106-C105 123.48(18) C107-N109-C110 122.1(2)C107-N109-C114 116.38(18) C110-C111-C112 111.1(2) C110-N109-C114114.74(17) C111-C112-C113 107.70(17) C112-C115-S118 109.59(17)C114-C113-C112 110.5(2) C115-C112-C111 111.27(19) C115-C112-C113113.9(2) C117-C115-C112 115.95(18) C117-C115-S118 111.79(18)C121-C125-C126 129.5(2) C121-S118-C115 103.48(11) C122-C121-C125105.4(2) C122-C121-S118 123.85(16) C122-N123-C129 127.7(2)C122-N123-N124 112.2(2) C125-C121-S118 130.1(2) C125-N124-N123105.70(18) C203-C204-C205 103.2(2) C203-O202-N201 107.0(2)C204-C203-O202 112.0(2) C205-N201-O202 105.91(19) C207-N206-C205123.67(19) C207-N209-C210 121.65(19) C207-N209-C214 115.56(18)C210-C211-C212 110.58(18) C212-C215-S218 108.68(18) C213-C212-C211106.95(19) C214-C213-C212 110.21(19) C214-N209-C210 113.60(19)C215-C212-C211 114.70(17) C215-C212-C213 111.29(18) C217-C215-C212117.6(2) C217-C215-S218 111.06(14) C221-C225-C228 130.4(2)C221-S218-C215 107.49(11) C222-C221-C225 104.6(2) C222-C221-S213126.43(16) C222-N223-C229 128.4(2) C222-N223 N224 112.2(2)C225-C221-S218 128.8(2) C225-N224-N223 105.24(17) C303-C304-C305104.4(3) C303-O302-N301 107.9(2) C304-C303-O302 110.9(2) C305-N301-O302105.31(18) C305-N305-C307 122.68(19) C337-N309-C310 115.73(18)C307-N309-C314 123.8(2) C310-C311-C312 110.5(2) C311-C312-C313108.02(18) C311-C312-C315 110.9(2) C312-C315-S318 109.32(16)C314-C313-C312 110.34(18) C314-N309-C310 113.31(18) C315-C312-C313114.75(18) C317-C315-C312 117.1(2) C317-C315-S318 111.84(14)C321-C325-C325 129.6(2) C321-S318-C315 104.54(11) C322-C321-C325104.8(2) C322-C321-S318 126.23(16) C322-N323-C329 127.9(2)C322-N323-N324 113.3(2) C325-C321-S318 128.9(2) C325-N324-N323104.37(17) C403-C404-C405 104.3(2) C403-O402-N401 103.00(18)C404-C403-O402 111.05(19) C405-N401-O402 105.70(17) C407-N403-C405123.5(2) C407-N409-C410 121.8(3) C407-N409-C414 115.7(3) C407-N409-C514111.5(3) C410-C511-C512 110.9(6) C410-N409-C414 110.9(2) C410-N409-C514109.2(3) G411-C412-C415 111.0(3) C412-C411-C410 110.7(3) C412-C415-C51238.7(3) C412-C415-S418 124.4(3) C413-C412-C411 107.6(3) C413-C412-C415112.3(4) C413-C414-N409 105.7(3) C414-C413-C412 106.9(4) C414-N409-C51479.9(3) C417-C415-C412 105.2(3) C417-C415-C512 131.5(3) C417-C415-S418111.1(2) C421-C425-C426 128.7(2) C421-S418-C415 106.81(14)C422-C421-C425 103.8(2) C422-C421-S418 124.56(18) C422-N423-C425128.2(2) C422-N423-N424 113.0(2) C425-C421-S418 131.5(2) C425-N424-N423105.35(18) C511-C410-C411 34.2(3) C511-C410-N409 108.9(3) C511-C512-C415101.7(5) C511-C512-C513 107.9(6) C512-C415-S418 86.2(3) C512-C513-C514107.9(5) C513-C512-C415 111.0(5) C513-C514-N409 105.5(5) F116-C115-C112108.8(2) F116-C115-C117 108.1(2) F116-C115-S118 10165(13) F127-C126-C125109.2(2) F128-C126-C125 109.7(2) F128-C128-F127 106.02(19)F216-C215-C212 107.20(16) F216-C215-C217 108.51(18) F216-C215-S218102.65(16) F226-C226-C225 108.8(2) F227-C226-C225 109.7(2)F227-C226-F226 105.21(17) F316-C315-C312 108.03(16) F316-C315-C317107.6(2) F316-C315-S318 101.74(14) F327-C326-C325 110.3(2)F327-C326-F328 104.01(19) F328-C326-C325 108.02(18) F416-C415-C412103.2(3) F416-C415-C417 108.2(3) F416-C415-C512 111.0(3) F416-C415-S418103.59(19) F427-C425-C425 109.3(2) F428-C426-C425 109.8(3)F428-C426-F427 104.2(2) N101-C105-C104 112.5(2) N101-C105-N106117.68(19) N106-C105-C104 129.8(2) N102-C107-N106 116.53(18)N109-C110-C111 111.5(2) N109-C114-C113 111.6(2) N123-C122-C121 106.4(2)N124-C125-C121 110.3(2) N124-C125-C126 120.18(19) N124-N123-C129119.95(19) N201-C205-C204 111.9(2) N201-C205-N206 119.0(2)N206-C205-C204 129.1(3) N206-C207-N209 116.46(19) N209-C210-C211111.57(19) N209-C214-C213 109.70(19) N223-C222-C221 107.0(2)N224-C225-C221 110.9(2) N224-C225-C226 118.70(19) N224-N223-C229119.39(16) N301-C305-C3C4 111.4(2) N301-C305-N306 118.4(2)N306-C305-C304 130.2(3) N309-C307-N306 116.68(19) N309-C310-C311110.49(19) N309-C314-C313 111.4(2) N323-C322-C321 106.5(2)N324-C325-C321 111.0(2) N324-C325-C326 119.38(19) N324-N323-C329118.82(17) N401-C405-C404 110.99(19) N401-C405-N406 118.46(19)N406-C405-C404 130.6(2) N406-C407-N409 118.6(3) N403-C407-O08A 115.3(3)N409-C407-O08A 121.5(3) N409-C410-C411 109.7(3) N423-C422-C421 107.1(2)N424-C425-C421 110.6(2) N424-C425-C426 120.5(2) N424-N423-C429118.85(18; O08B-C407-N408 116.7(3) O08B-C407-N409 118.7(3)O08B-C407-O08A 45.7(3) O108-C107-N106 121.79(19) O108-C107-N109 121.6(2)O119-S118-C115 107.01(11) O119-S118-C121 109.76(11) O120-S118-C115107.86(10) O120-S118-C121 108.18(12) O120-S118-O119 119.38(12)O208-C207-N206 121.6(2) O208-C207-N209 121.6(2) O219-S218-C215106.45(10) O219-S218-C221 107.25(12) O219-S21S-O220 120.20(12)O220-S218-C215 108.69(11) O220-S218-C221 108.18(10) O306-C307-N306121.3(2) O308-C307-N309 121.9(2) O319-S318-C315 106.77(10)O319-S318-C321 108.72(12) O319-3318-C320 119.68(12) O320-S318-C315107.48(11) O320-S318-C321 108.63(11) O419-S418-C415 104.37(17)O419-S418-C421 107.13(15) O420-S418-C415 107.89(17) O420-S418-C421107.89(13) O420-S418-O419 122.07(17)

TABLE 8.4 Hydrogen coordinates (× 10⁴) and isotropic displacementsparameters (Å² × 10³) Label x y z U(eq) H10B −4684.0 7569.0 −6401.0 53.0H10C −4337.0 6754.0 −4724.0 41.0 H10D −815.0 4506.0 −4152.0 26.0 H11A369.0 3549.0 −3192.0 35.0 H11B −533.0 2718.0 −2590.0 35.0 H11C 1460.03353.0 −1877.0 32.0 H11D 1696.0 2144.0 −1848.0 32.0 H11E −267.0 1921.0−862.0 29.0 H11F −1407.0 3309.0 −308.0 36.0 H11G −431.0 4064.0 −937.036.0 H11H −2527.0 3464.0 −1598.0 39.0 H11I −2667.0 4686.0 −1690.0 39.0H11J 1227.0 3097.0 355.0 55.0 H11K 2291.0 3143.0 −471.0 55.0 H11L 2776.02204.0 535.0 55.0 H12A 3476.0 957.0 3593.0 61.0 H12B 1464.0 1399.02460.0 32.0 H12C 5033.0 353.0 3350.0 61.0 H12D 2897.0 −1066.0 916.0 38.0H12E 4092.0 −365.0 4065.0 61.0 H20B 386.0 9144.0 −1333.0 48.0 H20C 688.08454.0 336.0 41.0 H20D 3171.0 5570.0 1145.0 37.0 H21A 4748.0 5565.02771.0 31.0 H21B 5867.0 4932.0 2159.0 31.0 H21C 5867.0 3668.0 3586.031.0 H21D 4460.0 3366.0 3467.0 31.0 H21E 4577.0 4614.0 4499.0 25.0 H21F2210.0 3941.0 4217.0 31.0 H21G 2164.0 4538.0 4889.0 31.0 H21H 1073.05876.0 3459.0 33.0 H21I 2490.0 6131.0 3632.0 33.0 H21J 5128.0 1730.04685.0 40.0 H21K 3509.0 2062.0 5170.0 40.0 H21L 478.20 1331.0 5927.040.0 H22A 6341.0 1463.0 9267.0 61.0 H22B 5946.0 2657.0 7530.0 38.0 H22C7919.0 606.0 9467.0 61.0 H22D 8559.0 405.0 5912.0 33.0 H22E 6552.0 184.09502.0 61.0 H30B 6667.0 1893.0 11743.0 57.0 H30C 6270.0 2491.0 10101.050.0 H30D 3562.0 5274.0 9251.0 35.0 H31A 3575.0 3876.0 7364.0 37.0 H31B4368.0 4778.0 6737.0 37.0 H31C 1320.0 5187.0 6828.0 35.0 H31D 2242.05063.0 5981.0 35.0 H31E 2933.0 6673.0 5722.0 27.0 H31F 1943.0 7724.06599.0 31.0 H31G 1095.0 6846.0 7192.0 31.0 H31H 4165.0 6386.0 7167.033.0 H31I 3205.0 6440.0 8018.0 33.0 H31J −770.0 7999.0 6022.0 44.0 H31K−861.0 6794.0 6204.0 44.0 H31L −1427.0 7814.0 5246.0 44.0 H32A −1452.08350.0 1752.0 43.0 H32B 416.0 7925.0 2972.0 29.0 H32C −2186.0 9660.01266.0 43.0 H32D −1160.0 10895.0 4060.0 33.0 H32E −3040.0 8883.0 2006.043.0 H40B 11725.0 391.0 16396.0 35.0 H40C 11129.0 1092.0 14762.0 31.0H40D 9326.0 4161.0 13954.0 28.0 H41A 8627.0 6302.0 8813.0 106.0 H41B9648.0 6730.0 9217.0 106.0 H41C 8391.0 7603.0 8483.0 106.0 H42B 6316.06871.0 7619.0 37.0 H42C 5722.0 7979.0 5895.0 54.0 H42D 9362.0 9169.09226.0 53.0 H42E 5357.0 9288.0 5589.0 54.0 H42F 4086.0 8725.0 5779.054.0

TABLE 8.5 Hydrogen bonds with bond lengths (Å) and angles (degrees °)Dis- tance Distance Distance Angle D - - - H . . . A (D-H) (H . . . A)(D . . . A) (D-H . . . A) N106-H10D . . . N401 0.8800 2.3300 3.106(3)148.00 N206-H20D . . . N301 0 8800 2.1300 2.959(3) 157.00 N306-H30D . .. N201 0.8800 2.1700 3.008(3) 159.00 C103-H10B . . . N124 0.9500 2.47003.341(4) 153.00 C104-H10C . . . O108 0.9500 2.3800 2.814(3) 107.00C110-H11A . . . O402 0.9900 2.5500 2.971(3) 106.00 C110-H11A . . . N1060.9900 2.4100 2.761(3) 100.00 C110-H11A . . . N401 0.9900 2.54003.212(3) 125.00 C110-H11B . . . O402 0.9900 2.5600 2.971(3) 105.00C111-H11D . . . F116 0.9900 2.3900 2.756(3) 101.00 C113-H11F . . . O1200.9900 2.5000 3.220(3) 129.00 C114-H11I . . . O108 0.9900 2.35002.736(3) 102.00 C122-H12B . . . O08A 0.9500 2.2900 3.180(5) 155.00C122-H12B . . . O08B 0.9500 2.2400 3.086(5) 147.00 C126-H12D . . . O1191.0000 2.5700 3.306(4) 131.00 C203-H20B . . . N224 0.9500 2.55003.334(4) 141.00 C204-H20C . . . O208 0.9500 2.4300 2.824(3) 105.00

Representation of the crystal structures are given in FIGS. 14 and 15;the figures were generated with the PLATON program (Spek, A. L. J. Appl.Cryst. 2003 36, 7-13) for both structures.

The I-491 molecule contains a sulfur atom that allows the absoluteconfiguration to be determined, making used of a high resolution datacollection (performed at low temperature). The Flack×parameter iscalculated based on the anomalous scattering method. It gives theabsolute structure, providing a sufficient estimate standard deviationis reached. According to the theory, the expected values of theFlack×parameter are 0 for correct (within 3 esd.s) and +1 for invertedabsolute structure (Flack, H. D., Bernadinelli, G. Acta. Cryst. 1999Å55, 908-915). The results are the following: Considering theconfiguration C115: R; C215: R; C315: R; C415: R; the Flack parameter is0.003(13), which unambiguously proved this absolute configuration forI-491 Form D.

A simulated diffraction pattern was produced from the low temperatureexperimentally determined crystal structure of Form D (FIG. 16). Anexperimental powder diffraction pattern can be compared to one of thesetheoretical patterns to demonstrate the nature of the crystallinestructure. Minor differences (if any) can be explained by preferentialorientations in the powder.

A polymorphic crystal structures of I-491 Form D was determined bysingle crystal X-ray diffraction, allowing the generation of referencepowder patterns.

Example 9. Myosin Activation Assay

Small molecule agents were assessed for their ability to activate theenzymatic activity of bovine cardiac myosin using a biochemical assaythat couples the release of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) from cardiacmyosin to an enzymatic coupling system consisting of pyruvate kinase andlactate dehydrogenase (PK/LDH) and monitoring the absorbance decrease ofNADH (at 340 nm) as a function of time. PK converts ADP to ATP(adenosine triphosphate) by converting PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) topyruvate. Pyruvate is then converted to lactate by LDH by convertingNADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) to NAD (oxidized nicotinamideadenine dinucleotide). The source of cardiac myosin was from bovineheart in the form of skinned myofibrils. Prior to testing small moleculeagents, the bovine myofibrils were assessed for their calciumresponsiveness and the calcium concentration that achieves either a 50%(pCa₅₀ or pCa=˜6) or <5% (pCa=10) activation of the myofibril system waschosen as the final condition for assessing the activation activity ofthe small molecule agents. All enzymatic activity was measured in abuffered solution containing 12 mM PIPES(piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid), 2 mM magnesium chloride atpH 6.8 (PM12 buffer). Final assay conditions were 1 mg/mL of bovinecardiac myofibrils, 0.4 mM PK/LDH, 50 uM ATP, 0.1 mg/mL BSA (bovineserum albumin), 10 ppm antifoam, 2 mM BME, 0.5 mM NADH, 1.5 mM PEP atthe desired free calcium concentration required to achieve either 50% or<5% activation of the myofibrils.

A dilution series of compound was created in DMSO such that the finaldesired concentration of compound would be achieved in a volume of 100μL with a fixed DMSO concentration of 3.3% (v/v). Typically a 1 μL ofthe dilution series was added to a 384 well plate to achieve a 10 pointdose response. Following the addition of 14 μL of a solution containingbovine cardiac myofibrils, PK/LDH and a solution of calcium (thatachieved the desired activation), the enzymatic reaction was startedwith the addition of 15 μL of a solution containing ATP, PEP and NADH.The reaction progress was followed in a PerkinElmer Envision platereader at ambient temperature using clear bottom plates. The platereader was configured to read absorbance at 340 nm in kinetics mode for15 minutes. Data were recorded as the slope of the absorbance responseto time. The slopes of the absorbance response as a function of timewere normalized to slopes on the plate containing DMSO. This normalizedrate was then plotted as a function of small molecule concentration andthe data was fitted to a four-parameter fit using EXCEL XLfit. Theconcentration at which the total response is increased by twenty orfifty percent is reported as AC₂₀ or AC₅₀. Any agent that failed toachieve the corresponding percent activation at the highestconcentration tested is reported as an AC₂₀ or AC₅₀ greater than thehighest concentration tested (ie. AC₅₀>50 uM).

TABLE 9 Myosin Activation of Selected Compounds^(a) Compound I-491Myosin Activation Form A +++ ^(a)+++ represents myosin activation valueAC₂₀ <2 μM; ++ represents myosin activation value AC₂₀ from 2 μM-5 μM; +represents myosin activation value AC₂₀ >5 μM.

Example 10. Cardiomyocyte Contractility Assay

Contractility of adult rat ventricular myocytes is determined by edgedetection with an IonOptix contractility system. Aliquots of myocytes inTyrode buffer (137 mM NaCl, 3.7 mM KCl, 0.5 mM MgCl₂, 1.5 mM CaCl₂, 4 mMHEPES, 11 mM glucose) are placed in a perfusion chamber (Series 20RC-27NE; Warner Instruments), allowed to adhere to the coverslip, andthen perfused with 37° C. Tyrode buffer. Myocytes are filed stimulatedat 1 Hz and 10V. Only myocytes with clear striations, quiescent prior topacing, with a cell length of 120-180 microns, a basal fractionalshortening equal to 3-8% of the cell length, and a contraction velocitygreater than 100 microns per second are used for contractilityexperiments. To determine the response to compounds, myocytes are firstperfused for 60 seconds with Tyrodes buffer followed by 5 minutes ofcompound and a 140 second washout with Tyrodes buffer. Data iscontinuously recorded using IonOptix software. Contractility data isanalyzed using Ionwizard software (IonOptix). For each cell, 10-20contractility transients were averaged and compared under basal (nocompound) and compound-treated conditions. Compound activity is measuredby effects on fractional shortening (FS), where fractional shortening isthe ratio of the peak length of the cell at contraction divided by thebasal cell length normalized to 100% for an untreated cell.

TABLE 10 Activation of Cardiomyocyte Contraction by SelectedCompounds^(a) Compound Activity at Activity at Activity at I-491 10 uM3.0 uM 1.0 uM Form A ++ + ^(a)+ represents fractional shortingactivation <20% over basal. ++ represents fractional shorting activationvalues from 20% to 50% over basal. +++ represents fractional shorteningactivation values greater than 50% over basal.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity ofunderstanding, one of skill in the art will appreciate that certainchanges and modifications may be practiced within the scope of theappended claims. In addition, each reference provided herein isincorporated by reference in its entirety to the same extent as if eachreference was individually incorporated by reference. Where a conflictexists between the instant application and a reference provided herein,the instant application shall dominate.

EQUIVALENTS AND SCOPE

In the claims articles such as “a,” “an,” and “the” may mean one or morethan one unless indicated to the contrary or otherwise evident from thecontext. Claims or descriptions that include “or” between one or moremembers of a group are considered satisfied if one, more than one, orall of the group members are present in, employed in, or otherwiserelevant to a given product or process unless indicated to the contraryor otherwise evident from the context. The invention includesembodiments in which exactly one member of the group is present in,employed in, or otherwise relevant to a given product or process. Theinvention includes embodiments in which more than one, or all of thegroup members are present in, employed in, or otherwise relevant to agiven product or process.

Furthermore, the invention encompasses all variations, combinations, andpermutations in which one or more limitations, elements, clauses, anddescriptive terms from one or more of the listed claims is introducedinto another claim. For example, any claim that is dependent on anotherclaim can be modified to include one or more limitations found in anyother claim that is dependent on the same base claim. Where elements arepresented as lists, e.g., in Markush group format, each subgroup of theelements is also disclosed, and any element(s) can be removed from thegroup. It should it be understood that, in general, where the invention,or aspects of the invention, is/are referred to as comprising particularelements and/or features, certain embodiments of the invention oraspects of the invention consist, or consist essentially of, suchelements and/or features. For purposes of simplicity, those embodimentshave not been specifically set forth in haec verba herein. It is alsonoted that the terms “comprising” and “containing” are intended to beopen and permits the inclusion of additional elements or steps. Whereranges are given, endpoints are included. Furthermore, unless otherwiseindicated or otherwise evident from the context and understanding of oneof ordinary skill in the art, values that are expressed as ranges canassume any specific value or sub-range within the stated ranges indifferent embodiments of the invention, to the tenth of the unit of thelower limit of the range, unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

This application refers to various issued patents, published patentapplications, journal articles, and other publications, all of which areincorporated herein by reference. If there is a conflict between any oneof the incorporated references and the instant specification, thespecification shall control. In addition, any particular embodiment ofthe present invention that falls within the prior art may be explicitlyexcluded from any one or more of the claims. Because such embodimentsare deemed to be known to one of ordinary skill in the art, they may beexcluded even if the exclusion is not set forth explicitly herein. Anyparticular embodiment of the invention can be excluded from any claim,for any reason, whether or not related to the existence of prior art.

Those skilled in the art will recognize or be able to ascertain using nomore than routine experimentation many equivalents to the specificembodiments described herein. The scope of the present embodimentsdescribed herein is not intended to be limited to the above Description,but rather is as set forth in the appended claims. Those of ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate that various changes and modificationsto this description may be made without departing from the spirit orscope of the present invention, as defined in the following claims.

Clauses

-   1. A composition comprising a polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form A.

-   2. The composition of clause 1, wherein the polymorph has a chiral    purity of at least 99.9%.-   3. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 2, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by at least one of:    -   a. a X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation        with Cu-Kα having two or more peaks expressed in degrees        2-theta±0.2° and selected from 6.62, 10.98, 13.26, 14.48, 15.02,        15.48, 15.78, 16.08, 16.32, 17.72, 19.26, 19.86, 19.94, 20.44,        21.68, 21.90, 22.04, 22.60, 23.78, 26.16, 26.36, 26.58, 27.24,        and 28.04 degrees; or    -   b. a DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 181-200° C.-   4. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees    2-theta±0.2° at each of 10.98, 15.78, 16.08, 20.44, 23.78, and 26.58    degrees.-   5. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees    2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 10.98, 16.08, 23.78, and 26.58    degrees.-   6. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees    2-theta±0.2° at each of 15.78, 16.08, and 23.78 degrees.-   7. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees    2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 15.78, 16.08, and 26.58 degrees.-   8. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees    2-theta±0.2° at each of 6.62, 17.72, 23.78, and 26.58 degrees.-   9. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1A.-   10. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1B.-   11. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaks expressed in    degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90, 11.40 to    12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees.-   12. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaks expressed in    degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 24.40 to 24.80 degrees.-   13. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaks expressed in    degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 11.40 to 12.60, and    24.40 to 24.80 degrees.-   14. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern    obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaks expressed in    degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 11.40 to 12.60 degrees.-   15. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 14, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a melt onset of about 181° C.-   16. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 15, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a melting point of 191° C.±2° C.-   17. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 16, wherein the    polymorph is characterized by a DSC thermogram essentially the same    as shown in FIG. 2.-   18. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 17, wherein the    polymorph has a triclinic crystal system and a space group of P1.-   19. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 18, wherein the    polymorph has unit cell dimensions of a=6.403 Å, b=11.343 Å,    c=13.507 Å, α=81.91°, β=85.73°, and γ=85.18°.-   20. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 19, wherein the    composition is substantially free of other forms of I-491.-   21. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 20, wherein the    composition is substantially free of Form D of I-491.-   22. The composition of any one of clauses 1 to 21, wherein the    composition is substantially free of amorphous I-491.-   23. A composition comprising Form A of I-491, wherein the    composition is greater than or equal to 99.5% by weight Form A of    I-491.-   24. A composition comprising Form A of I-491, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 80:20.-   25. The composition of clause 24, wherein the molar ratio of the    amount of Form A of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of other forms    is equal to or greater than 90:10.-   26. The composition of any one of clauses 24-25, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.-   27. The composition of any one of clauses 24-26, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 99:1.-   28. The composition of any one of clauses 24-27, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 99.5:0.5.-   29. A composition comprising Form A of I-491 and Form D of I-491,    wherein the molar ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to Form D    of I-491 is equal to or greater than 80:20.-   30. The composition of clause 29, wherein the molar ratio of the    amount of Form A of I-491 to Form D of I-491 is equal to or greater    than 90:10.-   31. The composition of any one of clauses 29-30, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to Form D of I-491 is equal    to or greater than 95:5.-   32. The composition of any one of clauses 29-31, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form A of I-491 to Form D of I-491 is equal    to or greater than 99:1.-   33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of    the composition of any one of clauses 1 to 32 and a pharmaceutically    acceptable carrier.-   34. A polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491.

-   35. The polymorph of clause 34, wherein the polymorph has a chiral    purity of at least 99.9%.-   36. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 35, characterized by    at least one of:    -   a. a X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation        with Cu-Kα pattern having two or more peaks expressed in degrees        2-theta±0.2° and selected from 7.32, 7.88, 10.20, 10.88, 13.40,        14.68, 15.24, 15.42, 16.28, 17.70, 18.48, 19.02, 20.18, 20.70,        21.56, 21.98, 22.94, 23.16, 23.86, 24.24, 24.78, 25.38, 26.40,        26.88, and 28.74 degrees; or    -   b. a DSC thermogram showing an endotherm at about 170-185° C.-   37. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 15.42,    16.28, 19.02, 20.70, and 26.88 degrees.-   38. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 15.42,    20.70, and 26.88 degrees.-   39. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.88,    10.20, 20.70, and 26.88 degrees.-   40. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.32,    7.88, 10.20, and 18.48 degrees.-   41. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.32,    16.28, and 26.88 degrees.-   42. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 36, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 7.88,    15.42, 17.70, and 21.56 degrees.-   43. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 42, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in    FIG. 6A.-   44. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 42, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in    FIG. 6B.-   45. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 44, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    lacking peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to    6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees.-   46. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 44, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    lacking peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 0 to 6.80    degrees.-   47. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 44, characterized by a    X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα    lacking peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at 8.15 to 9.00    degrees.-   48. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 47, characterized by a    melt onset of about 170° C.-   49. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 48, characterized by a    melting point of 178° C.±2° C.-   50. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 49, characterized by a    second endotherm at about 185-200° C.-   51. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 50, characterized by    second a melting point of 192.7° C.±2° C.-   52. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 51, characterized by a    DSC thermogram essentially the same as shown in FIG. 4.-   53. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 52, wherein the    polymorph has a triclinic crystal system and a space group of P1.-   54. The polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 53, wherein the    polymorph has unit cell dimensions of a=11.926 Å, b=13.239 Å,    c=13.511 Å, α=65.40°, β=80.08°, and γ=89.18°.-   55. A composition comprising the polymorph of any one of clauses 34    to 54, wherein the composition is substantially free of other forms    of I-491.-   56. A composition comprising the polymorph of any one of clauses 34    to 55, wherein the composition is substantially free of Form A    and/or D of I-491.-   57. A composition comprising the polymorph of any one of clauses 34    to 56, wherein the composition is substantially free of amorphous    I-491.-   58. A composition comprising Form B of I-491, wherein the    composition is greater than or equal to 99.5% by weight Form B of    I-491.-   59. A composition comprising Form B of I-491, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 80:20.-   60. The composition of clause 59, wherein the molar ratio of the    amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of other forms    is equal to or greater than 90:10.-   61. The composition of any one of clauses 59-60, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 95:5.-   62. The composition of any one of clauses 59-61, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 99:1.-   63. The composition of any one of clauses 59-62, wherein the molar    ratio of the amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum of the amounts of    other forms is equal to or greater than 99.5:0.5.-   64. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effective amount of    the polymorph of any one of clauses 34 to 54 or composition of any    one of clauses 55 to 63, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.-   65. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:    -   a. Form A of I-491; and    -   b. one or more diluents.-   66. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 65, further comprising:    -   a. Form A of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents; and    -   c. a disintegrant.-   67. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 66, further comprising:    -   a. Form A of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents;    -   c. a disintegrant; and    -   d. a binder.-   68. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 67, further comprising:    -   a. Form A of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents;    -   c. a disintegrant;    -   d. a binder; and    -   e. a lubricant.-   69. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 65 to 68,    wherein the one or more diluents is selected from the group    consisting of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium    phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen    phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose,    microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol,    sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and    mixtures of any of the foregoing diluents. 70. The pharmaceutical    composition of any one of clauses 66 to 68, wherein the disintegrant    is selected from the group consisting of agar, calcium carbonate,    potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid, certain silicates, sodium    carbonate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch    glycolate, and mixtures of any of the foregoing disintegrants.-   71. The pharmaceutical compositions of any one of clauses 67 to 68,    wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of starch    (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g., sucrose,    glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol, mannitol,    etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium alginate,    extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of isapol    husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose,    hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl    methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose acetate,    poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum®), and    larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide, polyethylene    glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid, polymethacrylates,    waxes, water, alcohol, and mixtures of any of the foregoing binders.-   72. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 68, wherein the    lubricant is selected from a group consisting of magnesium stearate,    calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl    behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium    benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl    sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures of any of the foregoing    lubricants.-   73. A pharmaceutical composition comprising Form A of I-491, lactose    monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium,    hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and magnesium stearate.-   74. A method of treating a disease selected from the group    consisting of systolic dysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, HFrEF,    HFpEF, chronic heart failure, and acute heart failure, comprising    administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a    polymorph of any one of clauses 34-54, or a pharmaceutically    acceptable salt thereof, a composition of any one of clauses 1-32    and 55-63, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 33,    64-73, and 113-121.-   75. A method in accordance with clause 74, wherein the polymorph or    pharmaceutical composition is administered in an IV formulation for    the treatment of acute heart failure.-   76. A method of treating systolic dysfunction, comprising    administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a    polymorph of any one of clauses 34-54, or a pharmaceutically    acceptable salt thereof, a composition of any one of clauses 1-32    and 55-63, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 33,    64-73, and 113-121.-   77. The method of clause 76, wherein the polymorph is Form B of    I-491.-   78. The method of clause 76, wherein the polymorph is Form A of    I-491.-   79. A method of treating HFrEF, comprising administering to a    subject in need thereof an effective amount of a polymorph of any    one of clauses 34-54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,    a composition of any one of clauses 1-32 and 55-63, or a    pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 33, 64-73, and    113-121.-   80. The method of clause 79, wherein the polymorph is Form B of    I-491.-   81. The method of clause 79, wherein the polymorph is Form A of    I-491.-   82. A method of treating dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), comprising    administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a    polymorph of any one of clauses 34-54, or a pharmaceutically    acceptable salt thereof, a composition of any one of clauses 1-32    and 55-63, or a pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 33,    64-73, and 113-121.-   83. The method of clause 82, wherein the polymorph is Form B of    I-491.-   84. The method of clause 82, wherein the polymorph is Form A of    I-491.-   85. A method of treating a disease characterized by left ventricular    systolic dysfunction or symptoms or reduced exercise capacity due to    systolic dysfunction; in conjunction with therapies aimed at    treating heart failure, comprising administering to a subject in    need thereof an effective amount of a polymorph of any one of    clauses 34-54, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a    composition of any one of clauses 1-32 and 55-63, or a    pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 33, 64-73, and    113-121.-   86. The method of clause 85, wherein the polymorph is Form B of    I-491.-   87. The method of clause 85, wherein the polymorph is Form A of    I-491.-   88. The method of any one of clauses 74 to 87, combined with    therapies that retard the progression of heart failure by    down-regulating neurohormonal stimulation of the heart and attempt    to prevent cardiac remodeling (e.g., ACE inhibitors, angiotensin    receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, aldosterone receptor    antagonists, or neural endopeptidase inhibitors).-   89. The method of any one of clauses 74 to 87, combined with    therapies that improve cardiac function by stimulating cardiac    contractility (e.g., positive inotropic agents, such as the    β-adrenergic agonist dobutamine or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor    milrinone).-   90. The method of any one of clauses 74 to 87, combined with    therapies that reduce cardiac preload (e.g., diuretics, such as    furosemide).-   91. The method of any one of clauses 74 to 87, combined with    therapies that reduce afterload (vasodilators of any class,    including but not limited to calcium channel blockers,    phosphodiesterase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, renin    inhibitors, or smooth muscle myosin modulators).-   92. The method of any one of clauses 74 to 87, wherein said compound    is administered in combination with a beta-blocker.-   93. A polymorph of I-491, wherein the polymorph is Form A of I-491,    prepared by a process comprising the steps of recrystallizing I-491    in a mixture of methanol and water via slow evaporation.-   94. A polymorph of I-491, wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491,    prepared by a process comprising the steps of recrystallizing I-491    in a mixture of acetonitrile and water. 95. The polymorph of clause    94, wherein the process is carried out at a temperature selected    from 25° C. to 70° C.-   96. The polymorph of any one of clauses 94-95, wherein the process    is carried out at room temperature.-   97. A polymorph of I-491, wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491,    prepared by a process comprising the steps of recrystallizing I-491    from a slurry of I-491 in solvent selected from the group consisting    of water, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone,    ethanol and water mixture, methanol and water mixture, and water.-   98. The polymorph of clause 97, wherein the solvent is ethanol,    methanol, ethyl acetate or methyl isobutyl ketone.-   99. The polymorph of clause 98, wherein the process is carried out    at a temperature selected from 20° C. to 50° C.-   100. The polymorph of any one of clauses 98-99, wherein the process    is carried out at room temperature.-   101. A composition comprising a polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form A of I-491, wherein Form A of I-491 ischaracterized by a triclinic crystal system and a space group of P1.

-   102. The composition of clause 101, wherein the polymorph has unit    cell dimensions of a=6.403 Å, b=11.343 Å, c=13.507 Å, α=81.91°,    β=85.73°, and γ=85.18°.-   103. A polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491, wherein Form B of I-491 ischaracterized by a triclinic crystal system and a space group of P1.

-   104. The polymorph of clause 103, wherein the polymorph has unit    cell dimensions of a=11.926 Å, b=13.239 Å, c=13.511 Å, α=65.40°,    β=80.08°, and γ=89.18°.-   105. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 75% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   106. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 85% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   107. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 90% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   108. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 95% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   109. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 98% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   110. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 99% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   111. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 99.5% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   112. The composition of any one of clauses 1 and 101-102, wherein    the composition comprises greater than or equal to 99.9% by weight    Form A of I-491.-   113. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:    -   a. Form B of I-491; and    -   b. one or more diluents.-   114. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 113, further    comprising:    -   a. Form B of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents; and    -   c. a disintegrant.-   115. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 114, further    comprising:    -   a. Form B of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents;    -   c. a disintegrant; and    -   d. a binder.-   116. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 115, further    comprising:    -   a. Form B of I-491;    -   b. one or more diluents;    -   c. a disintegrant;    -   d. a binder; and    -   e. a lubricant.-   117. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 113 to    116, wherein the one or more diluents is selected from the group    consisting of calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium    phosphate, dicalcium phosphate, calcium sulfate, calcium hydrogen    phosphate, sodium phosphate lactose, sucrose, cellulose,    microcrystalline cellulose, kaolin, mannitol, sorbitol, inositol,    sodium chloride, dry starch, cornstarch, powdered sugar, and    mixtures of any of the foregoing diluents.-   118. The pharmaceutical composition of any one of clauses 114 to    116, wherein the disintegrant is selected from the group consisting    of agar, calcium carbonate, potato or tapioca starch, alginic acid,    certain silicates, sodium carbonate, croscarmellose sodium,    crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and mixtures of any of the    foregoing disintegrants.-   119. The pharmaceutical compositions of any one of clauses 115 to    116, wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of    starch (e.g., cornstarch and starch paste), gelatin, sugars (e.g.,    sucrose, glucose, dextrose, dextrin, molasses, lactose, lactitol,    mannitol, etc.), natural and synthetic gums (e.g., acacia, sodium    alginate, extract of Irish moss, panwar gum, ghatti gum, mucilage of    isapol husks, carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose,    ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose,    hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cellulose    acetate, poly(vinyl-pyrrolidone), magnesium aluminum silicate    (Veegum®), and larch arabogalactan), alginates, polyethylene oxide,    polyethylene glycol, inorganic calcium salts, silicic acid,    polymethacrylates, waxes, water, alcohol, and mixtures of any of the    foregoing binders.-   120. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 116, wherein the    lubricant is selected from a group consisting of magnesium stearate,    calcium stearate, stearic acid, silica, talc, malt, glyceryl    behanate, hydrogenated vegetable oils, polyethylene glycol, sodium    benzoate, sodium acetate, sodium chloride, leucine, magnesium lauryl    sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mixtures of any of the foregoing    lubricants.-   121. A pharmaceutical composition comprising Form B of I-491,    lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose    sodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and magnesium stearate.

1. A composition comprising a polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form A.
 2. The composition of claim 1, whereinthe polymorph has a chiral purity of at least 99.9%.
 3. The compositionof claim 1, wherein the polymorph is characterized by at least one of:a. a X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kαhaving two or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selectedfrom 6.62, 10.98, 13.26, 14.48, 15.02, 15.48, 15.78, 16.08, 16.32,17.72, 19.26, 19.86, 19.94, 20.44, 21.68, 21.90, 22.04, 22.60, 23.78,26.16, 26.36, 26.58, 27.24, and 28.04 degrees; or b. a DSC thermogramshowing an endotherm at about 181-200° C.
 4. The composition of claim 1,wherein the polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed indegrees 2-theta±0.2° at each of 10.98, 15.78, 16.08, 20.44, 23.78, and26.58 degrees. 5.-8. (canceled)
 9. The composition of claim 1, whereinthe polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction patternessentially the same as shown in FIG. 1A.
 10. The composition of claim1, wherein the polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 1B.
 11. The composition ofclaim 4, wherein the polymorph is characterized by a X-ray powderdiffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaksexpressed in degrees 2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.00, 8.00 to 8.90,11.40 to 12.60, 16.80 to 17.20, and 24.40 to 24.80 degrees. 12.-14.(canceled)
 15. The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymorph ischaracterized by a melt onset of about 181° C. 16.-17. (canceled) 18.The composition of claim 1, wherein the polymorph has a tricliniccrystal system and a space group of P1.
 19. The composition of claim 18,wherein the polymorph has unit cell dimensions of about a=6.403 Å,b=11.343 Å, c=13.507 Å, α=81.91°, β=85.73°, and γ=85.18°.
 20. Thecomposition of claim 1, wherein the composition is substantially free ofother forms of I-491. 21.-23. (canceled)
 24. A composition comprisingForm A of I-491, wherein the molar ratio of the amount of Form A ofI-491 to the sum of the amounts of other forms is equal to or greaterthan 80:20. 25.-28. (canceled)
 29. A composition comprising Form A ofI-491 and Form D of I-491, wherein the molar ratio of the amount of FormA of I-491 to Form D of I-491 is equal to or greater than 80:20. 30.-32.(canceled)
 33. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effectiveamount of the composition of claim 1 and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier.
 34. A polymorph of formula (I-491):

wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491.
 35. The polymorph of claim 34,wherein the polymorph has a chiral purity of at least 99.9%.
 36. Thepolymorph of claim 34, characterized by at least one of: a. a X-raypowder diffraction pattern obtained by irradiation with Cu-Kα patternhaving two or more peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° and selectedfrom 7.32, 7.88, 10.20, 10.88, 13.40, 14.68, 15.24, 15.42, 16.28, 17.70,18.48, 19.02, 20.18, 20.70, 21.56, 21.98, 22.94, 23.16, 23.86, 24.24,24.78, 25.38, 26.40, 26.88, and 28.74 degrees; or b. a DSC thermogramshowing an endotherm at about 170-185° C.
 37. The polymorph of claim 34,characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtained byirradiation with Cu-Kα having peaks expressed in degrees 2-theta±0.2° ateach of 15.42, 16.28, 19.02, 20.70, and 26.88 degrees. 38.-42.(canceled)
 43. The polymorph of claim 34, characterized by a X-raypowder diffraction pattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 6A. 44.The polymorph of claim 34, characterized by a X-ray powder diffractionpattern essentially the same as shown in FIG. 6B.
 45. The polymorph ofclaim 37, characterized by a X-ray powder diffraction pattern obtainedby irradiation with Cu-Kα lacking peaks expressed in degrees2-theta±0.05° at each of 0 to 6.80 and 8.15 to 9.00 degrees. 46.-47.(canceled)
 48. The polymorph of claim 34, characterized by a melt onsetof about 170° C. 49.-52. (canceled)
 53. The polymorph of claim 34,wherein the polymorph has a triclinic crystal system and a space groupof P1.
 54. The polymorph of claim 53, wherein the polymorph has unitcell dimensions of a=11.926 Å, b=13.239 Å, c=13.511 Å, α=65.40°,β=80.08°, and γ=89.18°.
 55. A composition comprising the polymorph ofclaim 34 wherein the composition is substantially free of other forms ofI-491. 56.-58. (canceled)
 59. A composition comprising Form B of I-491,wherein the molar ratio of the amount of Form B of I-491 to the sum ofthe amounts of other forms is equal to or greater than 80:20. 60.-63.(canceled)
 64. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an effectiveamount of the polymorph of claim 34, and a pharmaceutically acceptablecarrier.
 65. A pharmaceutical composition comprising: a. Form A ofI-491; and b. one or more diluents. 66.-72. (canceled)
 73. Apharmaceutical composition comprising Form A of I-491, lactosemonohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium,hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and magnesium stearate.
 74. A method oftreating a disease selected from the group consisting of systolicdysfunction, diastolic dysfunction, HFrEF, HFpEF, chronic heart failure,and acute heart failure, comprising administering to a subject in needthereof an effective amount of a polymorph of claim
 34. 75. (canceled)76. A method of treating systolic dysfunction, comprising administeringto a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a polymorph of claim34. 77.-78. (canceled)
 79. A method of treating HFrEF, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of apolymorph of claim
 34. 80.-81. (canceled)
 82. A method of treatingdilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), comprising administering to a subject inneed thereof an effective amount of a polymorph of any one of claim 34.83.-84. (canceled)
 85. A method of treating a disease characterized byleft ventricular systolic dysfunction or symptoms or reduced exercisecapacity due to systolic dysfunction; in conjunction with therapiesaimed at treating heart failure, comprising administering to a subjectin need thereof an effective amount of a polymorph of claim
 34. 86.-92.(canceled)
 93. A polymorph of I-491, wherein the polymorph is Form A ofI-491, prepared by a process comprising the steps of recrystallizingI-491 in a mixture of methanol and water via slow evaporation.
 94. Apolymorph of I-491, wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491, preparedby a process comprising the steps of recrystallizing I-491 in a mixtureof acetonitrile and water. 95.-96. (canceled)
 97. A polymorph of I-491,wherein the polymorph is Form B of I-491, prepared by a processcomprising the steps of recrystallizing I-491 from a slurry of I-491 insolvent selected from the group consisting of water, ethanol, methanol,ethyl acetate, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol and water mixture,methanol and water mixture, and water. 98.-112. (canceled)
 113. Apharmaceutical composition comprising: a. Form B of I-491; and b. one ormore diluents. 114.-120. (canceled)
 121. A pharmaceutical compositioncomprising Form B of I-491, lactose monohydrate, microcrystallinecellulose, croscarmellose sodium, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, andmagnesium stearate.